THEORY

Tense - Noun, adjectives, comparative adjectives - degrees of comparison in sentences - verb forms, adverbs - articles, prepositions - sentence types, active and passive voice - synthesis of sentences.

Objectives of listening - significance of listening - kinds of listening - hearing vs listening process of listening - note-taking - listening comprehension.

Introduction to speaking skills - Dialogue and Conversation - extempore speech - short talk - (a) general introduction b) statement of intension c) Introduction in detail d)Conclusion e) Invitation to discussion - academic speech (oral presentation and speech practice) - Introduction to English phonetics (organs of speech, vowels and consonants, stress and intonation) - self introduction - presentation skills (group dynamics and effective presentation, PowerPoint presentation and note card and preparation of hand-outs.

Technical vocabulary (make a list of all the vocabulary related to fisheries) - Word formation - Definition - Reading comprehension - Note-taking - Micro - skills of reading (Skimming, scanning, reading for information , reading for ideas, ) - Note- making - Academic reading - critical reading (strategies, skills and sub-skills in reading: - prediction - skimming (reading quickly for the main idea or gist) - distinguish between a) factured and non-factured information, b) important and less important items, c) relevant and irrelevant information, d) explicit and implicit information and e) ideas and examples and opinions - drawing information and conclusions - deducting unknown words - understanding graphic presentation (data, diagrams etc.,) - understanding text organization and linguistics/semantic aspects - relationships between and with sentences (cohesion) - recognizing discourse/semantic markers and their function.

Introduction to mind mapping in writing - Critical thinking - Kinds of writing (Description, Narrating, Instruction, Explanation, Definition, Exemplification, comparison and contract, cause and effect, expressing: purpose, means, prediction, expectancy, reservations and results; Generalization and specification; discussion and argument, Drawing conclusion) - Writing sentences - discourse makers - coherence and cohesion (using connectives) - punctuation and spelling - paragraph writing - Writing definitions - Essay Writing: The ten point plan for writing good essay - Understanding the title - Generation of ideas- Preliminary essay plan - Assembly of resource - Reading - Note-making - Detailed essay plan - First draft - Second draft- Final reading - Summarizing - paraphrasing - Precise writing - Letter of application - e-mail communication - Formal letter writing.

THEORY

Complex Variables, Definition, Cartesian, Polar & exponential form. De-Moivre’s Theorem. Power &Roots of Exponential and Trigonometric Functions. Hyperbolic & Logarithmic Functions. Inverse Hyperbolic & Inverse Trigonometric. Functions. Separation into real and imaginary parts of all types of functions. 

Scalar and Vector Triple Products. Differentiation of a vector function of a single scalar variable. Derivative of a unit vector, application to curves in space, principal triad, SennetFrenet form. 

Successive differentiation. Standard form to find the nth derivative. Leibnitz’s theorem, Rolle’s Theorem (with proof), Lagrange’s and Cauchy’s mean value theorem (with proof), Taylor’s theorem, Taylor’s and Maclaurin’s series (without proof). Indeterminate forms, L’Hospital’s rule, Expansion of function in power series (all types), Partial derivatives of first and higher orders. Total differential, Concept of commutativity of partial derivatives (without proof).Euler’s theorem on homogeneous functions. Deduction from Eul0er theorems. Errors & approximations. Maxima & minima of the functions of two variables. 

Line integral, Green’s theorem for the plane, properties of line integrals, line integrals in space and their properties, application to work and to the flow of liquid, scalar and vector fields, conservative fields, potentials, gradient, divergence and curl. Divergence theorem, Stoke’s theorem, expressions for gradient, divergence and curl in orthogonal curvilinear coordinates, Gauss theorem, equation of heat flow, equations of hydrodynamics. 

Exact differential equations and those, which can be made exact by use of integrating factors by inspection. (i) Linear Equations and reducible to linear (Bernoulli) equations, (ii) Method of substitution to reduce the equation to one of the above forms. b) Linear Differential Equations of the nth order with constant coefficients. Complimentary function and Particular integral when the function of the independent variable on R.H.S. is eax, xn, eax V(x), Sin (ax + b), Cos (ax + b) Cauchy’s Linear equation (homogenous). Legendre’s Linear equation. Variation of parameters and method of undetermined coefficients. Elementary applications of above differential equations in solving engineering problems such as Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering. 

THEORY

An evolution. Classification of Computers on different norms such as generations, technology, etc. Different functional parts of a computer and their functions. Computer peripherals: Monitor, Printer, Key Board, Floppy disk drive, Floppy, Hard disk, Mouse.  

Binary, Octal, Decimal & Hexadecimal number systems and mutual conversion: addition, 1’s & 2’s complementation in binary only. Units of memory measurement: Bits, Bytes, KB, MB, GB, and TB. Units of run-time measurement: sec, ms, ns, ps, fs, as different computer environments: Batch processing, Time-sharing, Interactive & Network, their functional details and differences. 

LAN, MAN, WAN, Internet. Internet activity in India and various facilities available on Internet, Satellite based Communication.

Computer languages, their classification and compilation. C- Character set. Data Types. Constants and variables. Operators: Arithmetic, Increment &Decrement, Modulo division, Relational, Logical, conditional and Comma. Expressions and Assignment statements.  

Control systems-if, nested if, switch, while loop, for loop, do while loop. Arrays: single and two-dimensional only. Functions: User defined, standard library functions of various types. Pointers: &, operators. Pointer expression: pointer assignment, pointer arithmetic, pointer comparison, and structure. File handling in C: Opening a file, write into a file, reading from a file, closing a file.

THEORY

Comprehension- Study of the prescribed course book for seen comprehension. Reading and comprehension of unseen passages of modern Prose. Written Communication. Formal and ordinary letters, formal invitations, letters to friends and relatives. Official and semi-official letters. Application for appointment. Commercial letters, Letter to influence public opinion. Notices, agenda & minutes writing.  

Project writing, forecasting dangers, seminar reporting. Writing factual reports, accidents and maintaining a diary and a log book. Summarizing/ abstracting the main ideas of an unseen passage, given a working outline. Stress marking.  

Transformation of sentences, narration, voice change. Antonyms, Substitution of word for phrase or clause. Skills of oral communication. Speech training: Elocution, debating & extempore speech. Group discussions & interviews. Delivery of welcome address.  

Writing of abstracts, summaries, précis, citations etc.; commonly used abbreviations in the thesis and research communications; illustrations, photographs and drawings with suitable captions; pagination, numbering of tables and illustrations; Writing of numbers and dates in scientific write-ups; Editing and proof-reading; Writing of a review article.

Grammar (Tenses, parts of speech, clauses, punctuation marks); Error analysis (Common errors); Concord; Collocation; Phonetic symbols and transcription; Accentual pattern: Weak forms in connected speech: Participation in group discussion: Facing an interview; presentation of scientific papers.

THEORY

Solutions of transcendental & algebraic equations: Newton – Raphson method, bisection method. Finite differences of first and higher order, forward, backward, central and divided differences, difference tables, Taylor’s operator – D, shift operator – E, averaging operator, differences of polynomials.

Interpolation: linear and quadric interpolation, Newton’s forward and backward difference interpolation formulas, Langrangian interpolation, Sterling and Bessels’ interpolation formulas. Numerical integration: rectangular and trapizodial rule, Simpson’s rules. Solutions to systems of linear algebraic equations: Gause elimination, Gauss Jordan method, Gauss – Seidel interation, Jacobi iteration.

Types of matrics. Adjoint of a matrix. Inverse of a matrix. Elementary transformations, rank of a matrix. Linear dependant and independent of rows and columns of a matrix over a real field. Reduction to a normal form. Partitioning of matrices. System of Homogeneous and non-homogeneous linear equations, their consistency and solution.

Characteristic values and vectors, and their properties for Hermitian and real symmetric matrices. Characteristic polynomial. Cayley Hamilton theorem. Functions of a square matrix, Minimal polynomial, Diagonable matrix. Quadric forms, orthogonal, congruent and Lagrange’s reduction of quadric form. Rank, Inex, Signature of quadratic form.

Frequency distribution, Measures of central tendency; Mean, Median and Mode, measures of variability, range, Percentiles, Variance, Standard Deviation, Skewness, Moments, Discrete random variables and their probability distributions. Bionomial and Poisson’s distributions, continuous random variables, Normal distribution, Properties of Normal distribution, Probability Expectation, Random experiment on probability. Coefficient of Correlation, Lines of Regression – Rank correlation. Elements of operation Research – Inventory control and Elements of Queuing Theory. Decision Trees.

THEORY

General considerations in machine design - strength properties of engineering materials - limits and tolerances - types of fits - simple stresses in machine elements - tension - compression - shear and bearing stresses - torsional and bending stresses in machine parts torsional stresses in shafts, bending stresses in beams - combined stresses - theories of failure - Rankine’s and Guest theory.  

Design of permanent joints - welded joints - comparison of welded and riveted joints - types of welded joints - transverse and parallel strength of fillet welds - design of butt joints - rivets and riveted joints - failure modes of riveted joints - design of non-permanent joints - threaded fasteners - stresses in screwed fastening due to static loading  

Keys and couplings - strength of sunk keys-shaft couplings - design of sleeve coupling and flange coupling - design of cotter and knuckle joints - design of shafts - shafts subjected to torsion, bending and combined stresses - power screws - design of screw jack.

Belt drives - flat belts - Euler’s formula - V - belt design - power calculation and selection - chain drive - design - spur gear - classification - gear terminology - law of gearing - strength of gear teeth - Lewis equation - Buckingham equation - bevel gear.

Terminology - design of gear teeth - bearings - types of bearings - rolling contact bearings - principles behind selection of bearings - springs - types of springs - properties of spring material - terminology - design of helical springs.

THEORY

Types of data- Population- Sample- Population. survey- Sampling methods-Classification of data- Variable types-Frequency distribution- Histogram- Frequency polygon- Frequency curve- Normal frequency curve- Relative frequency curve- Cumulative frequency curve or Ogive.

Objectives- Arithmetic Mean- Geometric Mean- Harmonic Mean- Mode- Median-Range- Quartile Deviation- Mean Deviation- Standard Deviation- Coefficient of Variation-Definition- Purpose- Measures- Karl Pearson- Bowley coefficients.

Basic principle- Randomization- Control- Informal Experimental Designs-- Formal Experimental Designs-sampling distribution: statistical inference-Central limit theorem- Statistic- Parameter- Standard error- Statistical inference-Point estimation- Interval estimation- Confidence interval.

Tests of significance- Null hypothesis- Alternative hypothesis- Types of error- One tailed test- Two tailed test- Chi square tests- Analysis of variance (anova)-Test of Hypothesis on equality of variances- Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)- One way classification- Two way classification- Least Significant Difference (LSD)-Simple regression analysis-Scatter diagram- Method of least square- Standard error of estimate- Comparison of correlation and regression- Properties-correlation-Types of correlation- Coefficient of determination-Coefficient of correlation.

Introduction- Characteristics- Sign test- Sign test (Paired data)- Mann-Whitney U test- Kruskal Walis test- Kolmogorov Smirnov test (K-S test)- Rank correlation-Time series analysis-Reason- Fitting linear trend- Second degree trend- Secular trend- Seasonal variation-Cyclical variation- Irregular-variation-Types of index numbers- Wholesale price index- Consumer price index-Good index number criteria- Cost of living index number- Quantity index number- Chain index number.

THEORY

Freshwater fishery regions of the world and their major fish species composition. Global inland fish production data. Capture fishery resources of India.

Potential of inland waterbodies with reference to respective state. Problems in the estimation of inland fish catch data. Fishing crafts and gears. 

Major riverine and estuarine systems of India. Major brackish water lakes and their fisheries. Fisheries of major reservoirs / natural lakes of India. Flood-plain capture fishery- present status of their exploitation and future prospects. Cold water fisheries of India.

Classification and definition of fishery zones and fishery resources of world. Overview of marine fisheries resources of the world and India. Major exploited marine fisheries of India, their developmental history and present status. Important pelagic - demersal fish, shellfish and seaweed resources of India. 

Traditional, motorized and mechanized fisheries according to major gears. Potential marine fishery resources of the India’s EEZ. GIS and remote sensing in marine capture fishery.

THEORY

Principles of taxonomy. Nomenclature, types. Classification and interrelationships. Criteria for generic and specific identification. 

Morphological, morphometric and meristic characteristics of taxonomic significance.  

Major taxa of inland and marine fishes up to family level. Commercially important freshwater and marine fishes of India and their morphological characteristics.

Introduction to modern taxonomic tools: karyotaxonomy, DNA barcoding, protein analysis and DNA polymorphism.

Study of external morphology and meristic characteristics of crustacea and mollusca. Classification of crustacea and mollusca up to the level of species with examples of commercially important species.

THEORY

Study of external and internal anatomy of important groups of finfish. Study of oral region and associated structures. Digestive system and associated digestive glands. Food and feeding habits of commercially important fishes. Qualitative and quantitative methods of analysis of gut contents.

Circulatory system, respiratory system, nervous system, urino-genital system, endocrine system, skeletal systems and sensory organs. Reproductive biology – maturity stages, gonado-somatic index, ponderal index, fecundity, sex ratio and spawning. Eggs and larval stages and developmental biology. Age and growth determination by direct and indirect methods. Fish migration - type and significance. Tagging and marking.

Divisions of marine environment- pelagic, benthic, euphotic, aphotic divisions and their subdivisions. Life in oceans - general account of major groups of phytoplankton, sea weeds, and major zooplankton groups. Environmental factors affecting life in the oceans-salinity, temperature, light, currents, waves, tides, oxygen, and carbon dioxide. Vertical migration of zooplankton, Phytoplankton-Zooplankton relationship, geographical and seasonal variation in plankton production, plankton and fisheries.  

Inter tidal ecology: Rocky shore, sandy shore and mud flats, zonation, communities, and the adaptation. Mud banks: formation, characteristics. Estuaries: Classification, Physicochemical factors, Biota and productivity, examples of some Indian Estuaries. Boring and fouling organisms. Nekton outline, composition of nekton, habitats of nekton. Bioluminescence and indicator species, Blooms, Red tides: cause and effects. Aquatic environment. 

Flora and fauna: Components of aquatic systems, Aquatic productivity, nutrient cycles, energy flow, food chain. Animal associations: Symbiosis, commensalisms, parasitism, prey predator relationship, host parasite relationship. Aquatic biodiversity-its importance, species diversity, genetic diversity, habitat diversity, diversity indices. Ecological and evolutionary processes. Ecological niches – lagoons, estuaries, mangroves, coral reefs, flood plains, coastal wet lands, bheels, and oxbow lakes.         

THEORY

Introduction to Oceanography: classification; expeditions national and international. Earth and the ocean basin, distribution of water and land; relief of sea floor; Major feature of topography and terminology; major divisions. Relief in Indian oceans.  

Ocean Waves: definition and terms; classification, Difference between surface and long waves; wave theories; surface wave generation; spreading growth; Beaufort Scale; spilling and breaking waves; long waves, Tsunamis, Seiches, internal waves. Ocean Tides: Definition; Tidal phenomenon, elementary tidal definition; tidal inequalities; tide producing forces types of tides tidal bores, tide prediction. 

Ocean Currents: Definitions and features; measurements of currents; direct and indirect methods forces acting on sea waters; drift currents Ekman spirals, upwelling, sinking, gradient currents; thermohaline circulation; characteristics; course; and significance of some major ocean currents of the world. El-Nino.  

Physical properties of sea water: Salinity and chlorinity; temperature; thermal properties of sea water; colligative and other properties of sea water; Residence time of constituents in seawater. Properties of sea ice; transmission of sound; absorption of radiation; eddy conductivity; diffusivity and viscosity. General distribution of temperature, salinity and density: Salinity and temperature of surface layer (SST), subsurface; distribution of temperature and salinity; The T-S diagram; water masses of Indian oceans. Chemistry of sea water: Constancy of composition; elements present in sea water; artificial sea water; dissolves gases in sea water; CO2 system and alkalinity; inorganic agencies affecting composition of sea water distribution of phosphorus, nitrogen compounds, silicates and manganese in the oceans, factor influencing their distribution. 

Fisheries forecasts – interpretation and use of ocean thermal structure in fisheries; Fisheries forecasting system in India and other countries – remote sensing; Global Positioning System (GPS). Application of Remote Sensing in fisheries; Application of echo-sounders and SONAR. Coastal fishery: Coastal fishery and hydrography- introduction, scope and factors affecting; shoreline protection and influence of developmental activities on coastal hydrography.

THEORY

Spoilage, Characteristics of Fresh Fish, Post Mortem Changes after Death of Fish -Asphyxia, Hyperaemia, Rigor-Mortis and its Significance, Factors Affecting Duration of Rigor -Technological Significance of Rigor - Control over the Effect of Rigor - Rigor and Bacterial Action - Spoilage of Ice Stored Fish as Observed Organoleptically -Bacterial Action - Autolysis.

Stowage - Principle of Good Stowage - Modes of Stowage - Containers used in India -Improvement of Traditional Containers - Use of Refrigerated Brine - Method of Chilling Seawater -Super Chilling - Self Life of Fish in Super Chilling -Method of Application of Super Chilling. Principles of Mechanical Refrigeration - Refrigeration: Basic Terms Connected - History of Refrigeration - Method of Producing Refrigeration - The Main Steps in Simple Mechanical Refrigeration, Compression System: Main Parts and Functions, Lay Out of Refrigeration System by Compression of Freon. Planning and Engineering Data: Containers in the Fishing Industry -Importance of containers in fish handling -materials to be used in fish boxes and containers - properties and suitability - standardization systems – calculation of capacities and consumption of ice during handling and transportation – hygiene requirements for different packing materials.

Refrigeration - Refrigeration Capacity Rating - The Factors Affecting Refrigeration Capacity, The Cooling Estimate, The Cooling Load Calculation - Wall Heat Gain Load, Working Load/ Service Load/ Air Change Load, Product Load, Miscellaneous Load, Cooling Load. Refrigeration Piping Materials, Materials Used - Types of Joints - Location of Piping- Insulation, Importance, Ideal Insulation Properties, Common Insulating Materials, Miscellaneous Components.

Characteristics, Method of Testing Leakage of Refrigerants - Various Refrigerants Used for Refrigeration, Comparative Properties of the Refrigerants - Fish Preservation by Icing, Production of Ice and its Variety - Cooling Capacity of Ice- Different Type of Ice –Block Ice, Production by Traditional Brine Freezing Technique, Accessories of Ice Plant, Fragmentary Ice- Rapid, Rapid Block Ice, Sea Water Ice — Antibiotic Ice ,Dry.

Spoilage is Prevented by Freezing- Freezing Curve of the Fish - Rate of Freezing Affect the Quality - Freezing Techniques - Freezing Time of Fish - Factors Affecting Freezing Time - Measurement of Freezing Time - Various Steps in Freezing - Freezing Point - Freezing Curve of Fish- Factors Controlling the Quality of Frozen Product. Freezing of Fish on Board and on Shore: On Board of Fishing Vessels - On the Shore after Landing-Freezing of Prawns - Freezing of Lobsters - Freezing of Crabs - Freezing of Clams and Mussels - Freezing of Squids and Cuttle-Fish - Frozen Fish Sticks (Battered and Breaded)-Fish Fingers - Breaded Shrimps.

THEORY

Milestone in microbiology. Contributions of Leeuwenhoek, Louis Pasteur, Robert Koch, Alexander Flemming, Joseph Lister, Winogrdasky. Microscopy- Principle and construction of bright field, dark field, phase contrast, stereo, SEM and TEM. Microbial taxonomy –Bergy’s and molecular taxonomy Types of Microorganisms: Prokaryotes– Morphology and ultrastructure of bacterial cell. General features, types and importance of viruses, cyanobacteria, actinomycetes, archae, mycoplasma, rickettsiae. Eukaryotes – Diagnostic features and importance of fungi and protozoa.  

Microbial Techniques - Types of media, types of sterilization - physical and chemical agents, cultivation of microorganisms, staining techniques – simple, differential, structural staining; enumeration of micro-organisms, culture preservation methods. Bacterial metabolism: Nutrient requirements, nutritional types, bacterial photosynthesis and their ecological significance. Microbial growth: Growth phases, measurement of cell growth, factors affecting growth- influence of physico-chemical factors -pH, temperature, moisture, light, osmotic pressure, fermentation - types and significance. Microbial genetics- general principles, genetic recombination, transformation, transduction and conjugation. Plasmids- types and their importance. Mutation –types and significance. 

Microbial ecology: Introduction and types of interaction, extremophiles and their significance.  Aquatic Microbiology: Introduction and scope of aquatic microbiology, aquatic environment as habitat for microorganisms - bacteria, cyanobacteria, fungi, algae, parasites and viruses; distribution of microorganisms and their biomass in rivers, lakes, sea and sediment. Influence of physical, chemical and biological factors on aquatic microbes. Microbial biofilms. Role of microbes in the production and breakdown of organic matter. Role of microbes’ in sedimentation and mineralization process. Nutrient cycles-carbon, nitrogen, sulphur, phosphorus, iron, and manganese cycles. Sewage microbiology, self-purification in natural waters, sewage treatment, drinking water microbiology, sanitary quality of water for aquaculture, bioremediators. Economic significance of aquatic microbes.  

A brief introduction to developments in biochemistry and its transformation to molecular biology. Cell structure, water and major molecules of life. Carbohydrate chemistry: Structure, classification, functions (mono, di and polysaccharides) isomerism and muta rotation. Metabolism of carbohydrates: glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis, glycogenesis, TCA cycle, central role of TCA cycle in metabolism.  

Classification, structure, function and properties of amino acids. Essential and nonessential amino acids. Primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure of proteins. Amphoteric property. Biuret reaction and xanthoproteic reaction. Digestion and absorption of proteins.    Classification, structure, functions and properties of lipids. Essential fatty acids and phospholipids. Digestion and absorption of lipids. Lipid auto-oxidation. Significance ofOmega-3 and Omega-6 fatty acids. Enzymes: nomenclature; classification; specificity; mechanism of enzyme action; kinetics and regulation of enzyme activity. Steroid and peptide hormones- chemistry and function. Structure and functions of fat and water soluble vitamins. Vitamins – classification- functions. Minerals – classification – functions. Nucleic acids: Structure function and importance genetic code. Transcription and translation. Protein synthesis. Energy changes in chemical reactions, reversible and irreversible reactions in metabolism. 

THEORY

Aquaculture as food production enterprise - an introduction. History of aquaculture - countries involved in aquaculture and ranking in the aquaculture production. Types of aquaculture - principles governing different types of aquaculture and their designs - freshwater, saltwater, brackish water, wastewater, recreational waters, running water aquaculture systems, natural open water aquaculture systems, indoor culture systems, Recirculatory Aquaculture Systems (RAS) and raceways. Principles of aquaculture and fish production in different regions of the world with regard to the culture systems. Advantages and disadvantages in different culture practices.

Species that are cultured in different parts of the world - top ranking species - cultivable species in India - their bioeconomic values and cultivable qualities - species selection and factors influencing the selection of species for aquaculture - hurdles in the domestication of species for aquaculture - suitability of species for different culture practices - potential species for aquaculture in India.

Culture practices - different methods developed and standardized system-wise and species wise - pond culture, tank culture, closed system, nursery rearing, grow-out, cage culture, pen culture freshwater and saltwater fin fish culture, freshwater and saltwater shellfish culture (predator-prey culture, air-breathing fish culture, carp culture, tilapia culture, shrimp culture, crab culture, fattening of crustaceans, etc.) .

Principles of seed production - natural breeding and seed collection methods - Induced breeding of warm water cultivable finfish species and seed production - Environmental factors affecting spawning and breeding - principles of hypophysation of fishes - artificial fertilization - Synthetic hormones used and practices of induced seed production in different species - nursery ponds and management. Different types of fish hatcheries - traditional, Chinese, glass jar and modern controlled hatcheries.

Role of feeds in aquaculture - live feed production - principles and methods of live feed production - formulated feeds and their utility - industrial production of feeds - advantages of processed feeds and application in different aquaculture sectors- Live fish transportation - seeds and brooders - acclimatization process and protection of live animals in transport - use of anaesthetics and determination of physico chemical parameters and control. Live fish and shellfish transport for marketing.

THEORY

Extension Education- definition, objectives and principles. History and role of fisheries extension, Rural Sociology- definition and scope. Social groups, Social institutions, Social control, social problems and gender issues. Psychology- definition. Educational psychology- definition and scope. Stimulus-Response (S-R) mechanism- Sensation, Perception and Attention. Social Psychology- definition and scope. Extension teaching methods- definition, individual, group and mass contact methods. Audio-Visual aids- definition, classification, purpose, planning and selection. Communication- definition, types, models, elements. Barriers in communication. Program planning- definition, principles, steps in program planning. Participatory Approaches- Meaning, History, Scope, Importance, Types. Group Approaches- Meaning, History, Scope, Importance, Types.

ICT- definition, scope, importance. ICT tools - internet, video and teleconferencing, Interactive Multimedia Compact Disk (IMCD), Mobile phone, Village Knowledge Center (VKC), Information Kiosk, Kisan Call Centre (KCC), Portal, Website, Social media, Decision Support System, e-Extension. Diffusion- definition, elements. Innovation- definition, attributes of innovation, Innovation- Decision process. Adoption- definition, steps in adoption process, adopter categories. Consequences of innovation. Introduction to Fisheries Act 1897, Assam Fisheries Acts and Rules 1953, Assam Fish Seed Act, 2005 and Assam Fish Seed Rule 2010.

Introduction to fisheries economics, basic economic terminologies – micro and macroeconomics, positive and normative economics, environmental economics, resource, scarcity, farm-firm relationships, production Contribution of fisheries sector to the economic development of the country. Micro-economics: theories of demand, supply; market – equilibrium price, consumption, utility, Consumer surplus. Elasticity – price, income, cross, application of elasticity in fisheries managerial decision.

Production functions in capture and culture fisheries; Costs and returns –breakeven analysis offish production system; concepts of externalities and social cost; factors of production, marginal cost and return, law of diminishing marginal return, returns to scale, economies of scale and scope, revenue, profit maximization, measurement of technological change, farm planning and budgeting. Significance or importance of marginal cost. Introduction to national income, accounting, measurement and determinants of national income, contribution of fisheries to GNP and employment; balance of payments, economic growth and sustainable development.

Dimensions and driving Forces. Introduction to GATT and WTO. WTO Framework – Key Subjects - Agreement on Sanitary and Phyto sanitary Measures (SPS), Seafood Export Regulations; Non-Tariff Barriers (NTBs) and Agreement on Anti-Dumping Procedures. Fisheries Subsidies and WTO. Fisheries Trade and Environment; protests against globalisation and WTO. Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) and different forms. Patents and patenting process, Agreement on TRIPS. Bio-piracy. GMOs in fisheries. Salient features of Indian Patent (Amendment) Act 2005. Overview of Patents in Indian fisheries sector.

THEORY

Introduction to aquatic pollution, the sources of pollutants, toxic organic compounds and their impacts in the aquatic organisms and the abiotic environment, Classification of pollution physical impacts in the aquatic organisms and the abiotic environment.

Introduction to MARPOL 73/78. Classifications and Annexes of pollution under MARPOL. Physical, chemical and biological classification of water pollution- description of terminologies. Sewage and domestic wastes- composition and pollution effects- sewage treatment and its reuse. Agricultural wastes- organic detritus, nutrients, Adverse effects of oxygen demanding wastes: importance of dissolved oxygen; Oxygen demand; BOD; COD; Oxygen budget; Biological effects of organic matter.

Eutrophication; Red tides and fish kills. Pesticide types and categories; inorganic pesticides, Organo-chlorine compounds, Organo-phosphorous compounds; Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs); Bioaccumulation and impact on aquatic fauna and human health; toxicology.

Heavy metals: Interaction of heavy metals with water and aquatic organisms. Bioremediation and Phytoremediation. Oil pollution; Crude oil and its fractions; Sources of oil pollution; Treatment of oil spills at sea; Beach Cleaning; Toxicity of Petroleum Hydrocarbons; Ecological Impact of Oil pollution- Case studies.

Microbial pollution: Types of aquatic microbes; autotrophs and heterotrophs; saprotrophs and necrotrophs; Sewage Fungus Complex; Transmission of Human Pathogenic Organisms; Zoonosis; Development of Antibiotic Resistance and its impact; Biofilms and Biocorrosion; Radioactivity and background radiation of earth Radionuclide polluting, special effects of radioactive pollution. Thermal pollution and its effects, Physical and chemical nature of possible effluents from major industries inIndia. Monitoring and control of pollution: Biological indicators of pollution. Solid waste management.

THEORY

Development of fishing gears and Fishing Technology: Evolution of Fishing gears; Mechanization of Fishing; Basic classification of fishing gears- Principle, Subsidiary and Auxiliary gears. Classification of fishing gears and methods: FAO classification of fishing gear and methods of the world; International Standard Statistical Classification of Fishing gear (ISSCFG).

Natural materials and Synthetic netting materials and their classification. Types and important synthetic materials used in fishing gears. Raw-materials for synthetic material; Preparation of nylon (PA 6.66) material; Different types of fibres continuous fibre; monofilament, staple and split fibres and production of single yarns. Identification of synthetic fishing gear materials: Visual observation, water test, solubility test, burning test and melting point test.

Yarn, single yarns, folded yarns, netting twine, cable netting twine and cable netting twine of higher order; Construction of ropes and their higher order; construction of braided netting twines. Yarn numbering system - direct system: Tex system Denier system and calculation of resultant tex value. Indirect system: British count, metric count, runnage system and their conversion. Methods of Preparation of knotted and knotless webbing; advantage and disadvantages of knotted and knotless webbings.

Diamond; square hexagonal and their measurement. Properties of netting material: physical properties- Density, twist and amount of twist, Breaking strength-tenacity, & tensile strength, breaking length, abrasion resistance, elasticity, extensibility, water absorption &, shrinkage, sinking velocity, weather resistance, melting point and visibility. Chemical and Biological properties.

Floats – buoys – its materials, types their properties; based on shape and materials; calculation of buoyancy. Sinkers – types, materials, properties- negative buoyancy. Factors to be considered while designing /selection of fishing gears; Biological, Environmental, oceanographical, Vessel characteristics and mesh size regulation. Choice of netting materials for trawl, gillnet and purse seine. Classification of trawl gears. 2 seem trawl; 4 seam trawl and wing trawl. Design and construction of wing trawl. Rigging of chain, bobbins and rock hoppers and attachment of otter board.

THEORY

Classification of fishing crafts based on fabrication dimension, nature of fishing, depth of operation. History & development of mechanization of fishing crafts. Basic geometric concepts and important terminologies of fishing vessel. 

Form coefficients, properties of irregular shapes Calculation of longitudinal and transverse sectional area of fishing craft by using Trapezoidal rule and Simpson’s rules. State of equilibrium; Volume of displacement; centre of gravity (CG); centre of buoyancy (CB); vertical centre of gravity (VCB); longitudinal centre of gravity (LCB). Stability of fishing vessels- longitudinal and transverse. Various equilibrium of ships-stable, unstable and neutral; Light weight, Dead weight, Tonnage system; Gross Registered Tonnage (GRT), Net Registered Tonnage (NRT). 

Boat building materials: Choice of construction materials: Wood, properties, advantages and disadvantages. Deck fitting. Maintenance of fishing vessels. Fouling and boring organisms; seasoning and preservation of wood. 

Constructional details of boat: Offset tables; Mould lofting; Backbone assembly of wooden boat. Constructional details of Steel, FRP, Ferro Cement and Aluminum boats. Introduction of Outboard and inboard engines.

Prelude – Care of Wooden Boats – Maintenance of Wooden Boats Hull Production of Wooden Boats – Care and Maintenance of Steel Boats. Painting of Boats and Painting Schedule – Paints – Types of Paints – Paints for Different area – Painting Schedule for Fishing Boats – Steel Boats – Wooden Boats

THEORY

Fishing gear materials: Netting, Natural fibres, Synthetic fibres, Basic fibre forms, Identification of synthetic netting yarns, Properties of fibres, construction of netting yarns, twist, designation of netting yarns, Yarn-numbering systems, Designation of netting yarns and ropes.

Net braiding, Shaping of webbing, Tailoring of webbing, methods of mounting, Rigging, Joining of webbing, Knots, Bends and Hitches, Mending.

Design consideration of trawl- mesh size, twine size, square, flapper, legs, otter boards, material for otter boards, Design consideration of midwater trawl, Design consideration of Gill net, Design consideration of purse seine, Design aspects of Long lines.

Fish behavior studies and development of fishing methods and gears, fish behavior and gear construction, methods and techniques for studying fish behavior in their natural environment, influence of fish behavior on use and design of set nets, fish behavior in relation to commercial fishing.

Classification of Ropes, Floats- Classification of Floats, Sinkers and buoys. Anchors- types of anchors, fishing gear accessories, choice of netting materials for fishing, Care and maintenance of fishing gear.

THEORY

Basics of Harbour and Ports - Types commercial - fishing Harbours - landing centers - Characteristic features and their Components - Shore side facilities and sea side facilities of a typical Harbour – Site selection for the construction of Harbour - Site Survey - Physical, Chemical and biological considerations - Instruments used for survey - Topography - wave dynamics - Tide characteristics low and high tide consideration - current pattern and layout of Harbours - Breakwaters.

Design and Layout of different types of Harbours - Materials used for construction of Harbours - Design and construction of Quays, jetties and slipways - Construction of seaside and land side facilities of a typical Harbour - Concrete mix - Timber - iron used for harbour construction- corrosion control.

Vessel mooring structures - Bollard design and construction - Auction Hall - Fish landing area - Bunkers - Cold Storage and chill storage -Vehicle shed - workers amenities - design and construction - Communication and Navigational signaling stations - Boat servicing and Maintenance facilities Dry docking  - ship way arrangements - waste disposal arrangements - Pilling and types of Piles used for Harbour Design of Lock gates for Dry docking.

Functions of different types of ports and Harbours - System, operational and functions of different ports and Harbour port authorities and Management bodies. Registration and legal formalities of every Vessel - Registration Societies - Registration and monitoring authorities for fishing vessels - Dredging - Maintenance of Harbours and Ports - Maintenance of fishing Harbour - Pollution and Hazard free Management strategies - Safety of Harbour and Port - MARPOL Protocols. 

Types of fishing vessel - Rules and regulation for fishing vessels - Construction and operational regulations - Dredging - volume estimates - Techniques of dredging - grabbing, dragline, pumping suction, blasting, etc. - disposal of dredging materials - Navigational aids - Fenders - Steel cradles - Wire ropes - Marine buoys - Turning basin - Water facilities and drainage - Sewage treatment - monitoring the standards - waste disposal - Biological, electrical, plastic, netting, waste disposals - disposal of  waste from fishing boats - Bilge water. Dredging machines and equipments Cranes and lifting mechanism used in Harbours.

THEORY

Study of various commercial fishing gears. Rigging of fishing gears: Bridles, sweep lines, otter boards, floats and ground gears arrangements. Otter door: Different types of otter doors. Behaviour of otter doors in water: Angle of attack, angle of heel and angle of tilt.

Fishing accessories – thimbles, shackles, C-links, rings, G-links, Kelly’s eye, stopper, and bottle screw, Deck layout of different fishing vessels. Trawling: Beam trawling; otter trawling; side trawling; twin trawling out rig trawling bull trawling and mid water trawling.  

Constructional details of crafts of India- two boat purse seine, trawler, gill netter and method of operation. Types of gill net – constructional details of simple gill net, trammel gill net, stick held gillnet, frame gillnet and vertical line gillnet, Operation of gillnet: set gillnetting; drift gillnetting; bottom , mid water and pelagic gillnetting. Line fishing: Types of hooks; structure and size of hooks. Constructional details of long line, tuna long line, vertical long line, pole & line and trolling line. Operation of long line: set and drift long lining: bottom, mid water and pelagic long lining; jigging. Operation of beach seine, boat seine and traps. Selectivity in fishing gear and by catch reducing devices. 

Deck equipments – types of winches, net haulers, line haulers, triple drum, gurdy, power blocks, fish pumps. Fishing equipment: Fish finder, GPS navigator, sonar, net sonde, gear monitoring equipment. 

THEORY

Scope and objectives of FAO Code of conduct for Responsible Fisheries. Articles of CCRF-Description of the code. Elaboration of Article 8-Fishing operations; By-catch and discards –Definitions, bycatch reduction devices, Turtle excluder devices, finfish and shrimp excluder devices.

Selective fishing gear and practices – Selectivity of trawls, gill nets and lines-Environmental friendly fishing – Energy conservation and resource enhancement.

Fish Aggregation devices (FADs) – Objectives and types of FADs. Design and construction of FADs.

Energy optimization in fisheries – methods of energy conservation in fish harvesting. Application of Remote sensing and PFZ and GIS in fisheries.

Illegal, Unregulated and Unreported fishing methods (IUU); Destructive and prohibited fishing systems and practices. Eco friendly fishing methods and fishing gears. Effect of fishing on non-target species – Effect of bottom trawl on benthic fauna and habitats. Conservation methods issues and implications for biodiversity.

THEORY

Aerial Photography- Relief displacement. Photogrammetry- Stereoscopy - principal points- parallax and its measurement. Colours- Composite colour images. Remote Sensing- Electromagnetic Spectrum- Radiation laws- Interaction with atmosphere and surfaces, spectral reflectance of earth materials and vegetation. Satellite Remote Sensing- Resolution- Scanning- Sensors, Land Observation Satellites - Visual image interpretation.

Digital image processing, Image rectification and Image enhancement- Filtering- band rationing, Image classification- supervised & unsupervised classification, Remote sensing application in soil & water conservation.

GIS- types- raster- vector, Data base management systems- RDBMS, Data types- spatial- non-spatial, Spatial data models, Spatial referencing, Map projections, Data input, Editing,  Encoding, Raster data analysis, Vector data analysis.

Digital Elevation model, Cost and path analysis, Types of output & Presentation, Types of errors - elimination and accuracies, GIS applications in DEM and its analysis, watershed analysis, runoff modelling, soil erosion modelling.

Environmental satellites- The Landsat series, NOAA and IRS; Digital image processing and interpretation. Elements of GIS, Application of remote sensing and GIS to fisheries and aquaculture planning and development.

THEORY

The Operations of New India Fisheries Vessels - Surveys by Government of India Vessels - Surveys by Freezer Trawler- Surveys along the Gujarat Coast. Southwest Coast - Indo-Norwegian Project - Surveys by Offshore Fishing Stations, Exploratory Fishing for Tunas. Southeast Coast: The Studies of Tuticorin Station, Surveys by Madras Base - The Surveys of INP from Mandapam Northeast Coast - Investigations from Visakhapatnam Base - Investigations of Calcutta Base - Operations of Paradeep Base. Andaman and Nicobar Islands - Bottom Trawl Survey - Hand Line Fishing for Rock Cods - Bottom Set Longlining - Pelagic Resources Survey. Lakshadweep Islands: Tuna Longline Survey - Bottom Trawl Survey. FORV Sagar Sampada, A National Facility: Northwest Coast - Southwest Coast - Southeast Coast - Northeast Coast - Andaman and Nicobar - Stock Estimates - Methodology and App - Potential Stock Estimates.

Prawn Landings along the Northeast Coast - Prawn Landings in West Bengal - Prawn Fishery of Orissa - Small Trawler Fishery at Paradeep - Prawn Fishery of Andhra Pradesh - Small Trawler Fishery at Kakinada - Prawn Fishery at Visakhapatnam - Prawn Fishery of the Large Trawlers - The Fishing Fleet and its Operation - Data Collection and Analysis - Catch and Effort - Catch Composition - Seasonal Variations - Depth-wise Abundance of Prawns - Abundance of Prawns in Different Areas - Economic Analysis - Prawn Fishery of Mini Trawlers - Maximum Sustainable Yield.

Data Processing- Input Data for Bic-economic Modelling - Biological Input Parameters - Tuning of the Biological Sub-model - Economic Input Data for the Model- Results of the Bio-economic Analysis-169 Deep-sea Lobster Fishing - The Guidicelli Report- Monofilament Longlining - The Proposal of AIFI in 1993 - Trawling Operations in Myanmar-  Trawling Operations in Indonesia - Modification of Trawlers for Longlining.

Shipping Development Fund Committee - Formation of SCICI - Financial Assistance from SCICI - Terms and Conditions of SCICI Assistance - SCIC1s Approach to Project Financing - Necessity of a Fisheries Bank - Plight of Fishing Vessel Building Yards - Defaulting by Companies - Rescheduling of Loans - Working Capital Loans - Oil Subsidy- Trawler Development Fund Scheme - Takeover of Vessels by SCICI - Deep-Sea Fishing Company by SCICI - Rehabilitation of Deep-Sea Fishing Industry - Finance for Diversification - General Remarks. The Deep-Sea Prawn Fishery: Exploratory Surveys by IMP Vessels -  The Trawling Grounds - Operations and the Catches - Area-wise Catch Distribution-  Exploratory Surveys by FORV Sagar Sampada - Details of Fishing - Catches and the Catch Rate -  Species Composition - Biological Observations - Studies by Fishery Survey of India - Operations of Chartered Trawlers - Distribution and Abundance of Deep-Sea Prawns - Fishing Grounds  - Catch Per Unit of Effort - Seasonality in Fishing Effort - Seasonal Variation in Catch Rate - Deep-Sea Prawn Fishery of Kerala - Modification to the Gear - Area of Fishing - The Fishery in 1999-2000 - The Fishery in 2000-2001 - Biological Characteristics - Deep-Sea Prawn Fishery at Mangalore - The Deep-Sea Prawn Fishery at Tuticorin - Catch and Effort - Species Composition - Seasonal Variations - Size Composition - Deep-Sea Prawn Fishery along the Coromandel Coast - Catch and Catch Composition -Catch Rate  - Size Composition - Management of the Deep-Sea Prawn Fishery. Deep-Sea Lobster Fishery of the Southwest Coast: Surveys by INP during 1967 and 1968.

Catches-Size Composition-Reproduction-INP Surveys during 1969-71-Fishing Operations-Depth-wise Distribution-Seasonal Distribution-Size Distribution-Sex and Maturity-Processing-Surveys by Fishery Survey of India-Exploratory Surveys by Sugar Sampada-Details of Fishing-Catches and Catch Rates, Biological Characteristics-Commercial Operations- Operations of Large Trawlers-Operations of Medium Trawlers, Estimation of Resource Potential-Management Measures.

THEORY

Managing & Managers: Organisation and the need for management; the management process, types of managers, management level and skills, managerial roles, the challenge of management. The evolution of management theory: Why study management theory - The classical management theories, the behavioural school; the quantitative school - operations research and management science; the evolution of management theory. The external environment of organisations: The external environment and its importance; elements of the direct-action environment; elements of the indirect-action environment; theories of total organisation environments, managing the total environment.

Planning and strategic management: Planning - an overview, the formal planning process; the evolution of the concept of strategy. Social responsibility and ethics: The changing concept of social responsibilities; the shift to ethics; the tools of ethics; the challenge of relativism. Strategy implementation: Matching strategy implementation to strategy; matching structure and strategy; institutionalising strategy. Decision making : Problem and opportunity finding ; the nature of managerial decision making; the rational model of decision making; challenges to the rational model; improving the effectiveness of decision making and problem solving. Planning and decision making tools & techniques: The management science approach; the management science process; planning for the future - forecasting; planning for the future scheduling; planning to meet goals with uncertainty.

Organisational structure, types of organisational structures, coordination, organisational design. Authority, delegation and decentralisation: Authority, power, and influence, line and staff authority, delegation, job design, decentralisation. Human resource management; The HRM process - a traditional view, human resource planning, recruitment, selection, orientation or socialisation, training and development, performance appraisal, promotions, transfer, demotions and separation, HRM and strategy. Communication and negotiation: The importance of communication, interpersonal communication, barriers to effective interpersonal communication, communication in organisations, using communication skills - negotiating to manage conflicts.  Effective control: The meaning of control, types of control methods, designing control systems, financial controls, budgetary control methods. Operations management: The nature of operations, the importance of operations management designing operations systems. Operational planning and control decisions, quality control. Information systems: Information and control, management information systems, designing a computer based MIS, implementing a computer based MIS, end user computing, the impact of computers and MIS on managers and organisations.

Basic structure of shipping industry: Types of shipping services - Liner and tramp - Role of intermediaries in shipping business; Freight brokers, Clearing and Forwarding Agents - Stevedores - Ship brokers, Bunker and Stores suppliers etc. International Trade and Shipping: Seaborne trade of the world composition and direction of cargoes - different types of ships which carry them - Technological developments - Role of Shipping on national economic development. Shipping Agencies. Liner Trades - characteristics - liner conferences - how freight rates are fixed components of liner freight - non conference lines - competition. Procedures of shipping cargoes and related documentations; mates receipt, bill of landing, unit load systems - containerisation and multimodal transport. Tramp Trades - chartering different types of chartering ships - their relevance to trades - procedures and documentation relating chartering - charter markets of the world - how freight / charter hire is fixed.

Organisation of shipping company - manpower planning - business and cargo management - statutory regulations to be complied with like foreign exchange regulation. Role of ports: Port locations - functions and range of services - financial aspects of utilisation and cargo handling. Indias ports, their organisation and administration. Modernisation and development of ports. Role of customs: Customs act and documents relating to customs relating to ship operations and trade. Indian shipping development: Indias merchant fleet - role of government - maritime administration in India - Indias shipping policy. Maritime frauds: Safeguards to be taken to prevent frauds with special reference to shipping industry, operators and seafaring personnel. Role of international organisation: IMF, World Bank, IMO, UNCTAD, WTO.

THEORY

Understand the need for specially designed equipment for ships - Know the purpose of major components in a ship’s electrical system - Know the importance of power management on board ships - Comply with relevant Rules and Regulations. Electrical Safety: Understand the importance of existing Safety Regulations – Know the importance of adopting safety measures onboard – Understand the significance of special equipment for hazardous areas – Understand First-aid procedures in case of electrical accidents – Comply with relevant Rules and Regulations. AC Distribution Systems: Understand the fundamentals of generic a.c. power distribution systems and systems adopted on board ships – Comply with relevant Rules and Regulations.

Understand the methods of supplying emergency and also shore supply – Know the basic actions to be taken by engineers in a black-out situation – Know the detrimental effects of supplying equipment with different voltages and frequencies – Comply with relevant Rules and Regulations. Isolated and Earthed Neutral Systems: Know the importance of electromagnetic compatibility of equipment – Understand the significance of Isolated and Earthed Neutral Systems – Understand the operating principle of earth fault indicators –Comply with relevant Rules and Regulations.

Know the operating principle of a basic alternator – Understand the functions of an alternator’s major components – Understand the different types of alternators and their related systems on board ships – Comply with relevant Rules and Regulations. Direct Current Machines: Know the operating principle of a basic direct current machine – Understand the functions of a d.c. machine’s components – Understand the different types of d.c. generators and motors and their related systems – Comply with relevant Rules and Regulations.

Know the operating principle of an AVR – Understand the role of an AVR in excitation system of a generator - Comply with relevant Rules and Regulations. Panel Instrumentation: Understand basic measuring system terminology and fundamentals of panel instruments – Know the purpose of instruments on a main switchboard of a ship – Comply with relevant Rules and Regulations. Paralleling of Alternators: Understand the basic methods of synchronizing two alternators – Know the importance and of paralleling alternators – Understand the methods of paralleling alternators -Comply with relevant Rules and Regulations.

Understand the function and operating methodology of different components and breakers – Know the basic operation of switchboards and related switchgear - Comply with relevant Rules and Regulations. Starters for Alternating Current Motors: Know the basic features of starters – Understand the operating principles of various starters used on board ships – Understand the basics of speed control of induction motors - Comply with relevant Rules and Regulations. Fault Protection Devices: Understand the fundamental reasons for faults in equipment – Know the importance of fault protection – Understand the operation of various protective devices - Comply with relevant Rules and Regulations.

THEORY

Basic electrical quantities - specific resistance - temperature coefficient. DC circuits - Kirchoff’s laws - Thevenin, Superposition theorem - star delta transformation.

Concept of magnetic circuit - inductance, self and mutual - laws of electromagnetic induction - simple loop generator - induced emf - DC generators, shunt, series and compound- DC motors - torque equation - types of motors and characteristics.

Single phase AC circuits and basics - RMS and average quantities - Phasor representation - Three phase AC circuits - reasons for use of three phase systems- star and delta for generation and load.

Power factor and improvement - power and energy measurement - single phase transformer basics - construction and characteristics.

Electric motors, types and classification - three phase induction motors - construction - principle - characteristics - single phase motors - types - principle.

THEORY

Importance of temperature coefficients of conductors – Understand the need for cable rating and testing – Follow proper wiring procedures on board a ship - Comply with relevant Rules and Regulations. Cable Insulation and Ingress Protection: Know the classes and applications of insulating materials – Understand the significance of various degrees of protection and temperature ratings of electrical equipment on board ships - Comply with relevant Rules and Regulations.

Functions of basic transformers, their components and related  circuits on board ships- Understand the theory supporting the operation of basic transformers - Comply with relevant Rules and Regulations. Propulsion Systems: Know the operating principles of various electrical propulsion systems – Understand the fundamental concepts of dynamic positioning and water jet propulsion systems - Comply with relevant Rules and Regulations.

Fundamental modes of steering systems – Know the operating principle of rudder position indicators – Understand the basic theory of a gyroscope – Know the importance of a roll stabilizer - Comply with relevant Rules and Regulations. Deck Machinery: Understand the basic operation of windlasses and cargo winches – Be capable of tracing basic deck machinery control circuits - Comply with relevant Rules and Regulations. Control of Air Compressors: Understand the basic features of common types of marine compressors – Know the importance of protection equipment and air-drying units in air compressors – Be capable of tracing basic control circuits - Comply with relevant Rules and Regulations.

Construction and operation of secondary cells – Understand Battery charging and the safety measures to be adopted – Know the first aid measures to be adopted in case of electrolyte spillage - Comply with relevant Rules and Regulations. Lighting Systems: Know the fundamental of incandescent and discharge lamps, with respect to their operating principles and areas of application – Understand the operation of various lighting circuits onboard a ship - Comply with relevant Rules and Regulations. Alarm Indication Systems: Know the important features of an adequate fire alarm system – Understand the operation of fire detectors and alarm systems - Comply with relevant Rules and Regulations.

Theory and operation of common gas analysers on board a ship – Know the dangers lurking in areas that are not gas-free - Comply with relevant Rules and Regulations. Miscellaneous Systems: Understand the basic principles of a Hull Protection System and a Water Purity Monitor – Know the fundamental operating principles of galley equipment, laundry equipment and water-tight doors – Understand the need for monitoring of parameters in air-conditioning systems - Comply with relevant Rules and Regulations. Maintenance and Troubleshooting: Know the importance of maintenance and its different procedures – Understand and preform basic maintenance procedures (may be under supervision if deemed necessary) - Comply with relevant Rules and Regulations.

THEORY

Introduction to electronics and electronic systems, Semiconductor and devices like diodes, BJT, FET, MOSFET, rectifier and filters, transistor biasing. small signal transistor amplifiers, operational amplifiers, feedback and oscillators, digital circuit and combinational logic, sequential logic and flip- flops, ADC & DAC, Data acquisition systems, Memory systems.

Requirements for Power Aboard, Properties of Electrical Circuits, Electrical Wiring, Systems, Direct Current Power, Alternating Current Power, Galvanic and Stray-Current Corrosion, Lightning Protection.

Radiotelephone Station, Marine Radio Licensing Requirements, Radiotelephone, Operating Procedures, Citizens Band Radio Service, Case studies of electronic systems like microprocessors, radio & TV broadcasting, Mobile & cellular telephones, fiber optics & networkings. Radio wave propagation and the frequency spectrum: Maritime navigation systems and their frequencies, Radio wave radiation, Frequency, wavelength and velocity, Radio frequency spectrum, Radio frequency bands, Radio wave propagation, Signal fading, Basic antenna theory.

Theory and fault finding: Microcomputers , Gyro compass ,  Autopilot,  Steering gear, Echo sounder, Speed log, Electronic Depth Sounders, GPS, Satellite navigation: Basic satellite theory, The Global Positioning System (GPS), The position fix, Dilution of Precision (DOP), Satellite pass predictions, System errors, Differential GPS (DGPS), GPS antenna systems, GPS receiver designation, Generic GPS receiver architecture, GPS user equipment, GPS on the web, Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS), Project Galileo. Automatic steering: Automatic steering principles, A basic autopilot system, Manual operator controls, Deadband, Phantom rudder, An adaptive autopilot, An adaptive digital steering control system. Radio Direction Finder, Radar, Loran and Omega, Advanced Systems, Joystick operating device, In – ship LAN system, other automatic controls, Voyage data recorder (VDR), Constitution of VDR, Data to be recorded, Automatic Identification System (AIS), central system constitution of marine use AIS device, Depth sounding systems: The characteristics of sound in seawater, Transducers, Depth sounding principles, A generic echo sounding system, A digitized echo sounding system, A microcomputer echo sounding system.

Sources of Interference, Suppression Fundamentals and Techniques, Ignition Interference Suppression, Non-Ignition Interference Suppression, Outboard Engines Communication Equipment, Piloting and Operational Aids, Tools and Instrumentation Global Maritime Distress and Safety System: The system and The NAVTEX system.

THEORY

Mechanical Engineering Science: Strength of materials – Elasticity, Hook’s Law – Stress and Strain. Tensile, Compressive and Shear forces. Failure of materials under tension, compression, shear and fatigue. Examples related to Marine Engineering. Cantilever and simply supported Beams, Shear force and Bending Moments, calculation of stresses and B. M. Diagrams for above and other systems of the ship.

Mechanical properties of common engineering materials – hardness, ductility, malleability, melting point etc. Fluid Mechanics – Flow of liquids and gases, Leminar and Turbulent flow, Resistance to flow. Viscosity – definition and meaning. Bernoulli’s Theory: simple treatment. Loss of energy of fluid due to bends, friction, valves etc. Simple hydraulic equipment.

Thermodynamics: Properties of steam, Boiling point and effect of pressure on it, Saturated, dry and superheated steam, Dryness fraction. Meaning of Sensible Heat and Latent Heat.

Electrical Engineering Science: Electrostatics, Electro-magnetism and Electricity. Electric current, Voltage, EMF. Ohm’s Law, Direct Current (DC) and Alternating Current (AC). Simple electrical circuits, Krichoff’s Laws, simple calculations. Wheatstone Bridge. Marine.

Engineering Practice: General Introduction and scope. Classification of ships as per propulsion plants. General layout of ship’s Engine Rooms and machinery. Main engine Plants a supporting systems. Introduction about ship’s Auxiliary Systems. Electrical Power Generation Plants – Its supporting systems and importance. Bilge, ballast, fire, cargo & other pipelines of different type of ships.

THEORY

Thermodynamics - concept- Definition - Laws of Thermodynamics - Heat energy - SI Units - latent heat - sensible heat - specific heat Law of perfect gases - Entropy - Enthalpy - Thermo dynamic process - Thermo dynamic cycles -  Flow process- Reversible and irreversible process. Refrigeration - principles - refrigeration effect - coefficient of performance - units of refrigeration co-efficient of performance - Air Refrigeration systems - Ice refrigeration system - application of refrigeration and air conditioning. Vapour compression system - simple vapour compression cycle - T- S diagram - p-h chart.

Basic vapour compression system- Actual Vapour compression system - Compressors -Condensers - Expansion valves - Evaporators - types and mechanism - Efficiencies of different types. Compressors - classification - Reciprocating - Rotary - and centrifugal types - Advantages and disadvantage. Suction Pressure and delivery pressure calculations - compression ratio -  Condensers - Types - classification - Air-cooled & water cooled - Cooling towers - Shell and Tube - evaporative types - forced draft and induced draft condensers - Expansion devices - Types - Capillary tube - manual and automatic, low and high side float valves.

Refrigerants - Desirable properties of an ideal Refrigerant - classification - Halo Carbon Refrigerants -  A zoetrope, organic, Hydro carbon Refrigerants - Thermodynamic properties of Refrigerants - Chemical and Physical properties of refrigerants - Thermal Insulation- Desirable properties of insulation materials - types of insulation material - Heat transfer Capacity of thermal insulation - Cork - wool - Glass wool. Thermocole - Polyurethane foam.

Introduction to freezing technology -principles of low temperature preservations. -  methods  for freezing - fundamental aspects- heat units- freezing point depression, eutectic point; freezing rate  - Types of Freezers - contact plate freezer - Vertical and Horizontal - Blast freezer - IQF, Spiral - Belt - types - Cryogenic Freezer. Heat load of freezers -Chilling - Chilled Seawater and Refrigerated Seawater systems- Ice manufacturing -mechanism of ice crystal formation - Block ice plant - layout and construction- Flake ice machine - Design and Construction of Cold Stores - Types -Maintenance of cold stores. Defrosting Methods and Safety of Refrigeration systems in freezing industry.

Application of Refrigeration in sea food processing - characteristics of fish and shellfish; changes in fish after death - spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms-spoilage of fish during chilled storage; use of antibiotics and chemicals. Handling of fresh fish - Freezing of fish; - preparation of fish for freezing. Changes that occur during frozen storage - microbiological, physical and chemical changes - packaging - thawing of frozen fish - methods of thawing. Transportation of frozen fish, cold chain, quality control,-sanitation in processing plants HACCP.

THEORY

Process Flow- Machinery Selection- Identification of the supporting accessories and Material Handling System- Plant design and lay out for Chilling and Freezing Plants for raw fishery products: Chilled fish packing and transportation unit, Bulk freezing- Air blast freezing, IQF freezing line, Surimi Production - Design of ice flaking machineries- estimation of cooling load for freezing fish.

Canning machineries- Can body reformer, Flanger, Seamer, Exhauster, Retorts, Coding machine, can operation. Design of equipment’s for cleaning, grading, deskinning, heading and cutting machine.

Plant design and lay out   for Smoked fillet production, Dry fish preparation, Salted fish production line, Design of driers, Masmin production. Design of batch type and continuous smoking chambers - fish portioning and filleting machine.

Feed Manufacture: Feed formulation and processing, Design of fish feed extruder On-farm feed manufacture, Commercial feed manufacture, Process. Flow - Machinery Selection - Identification of the supporting accessories and Material Handling System - Plant design and layout.  Feed storage. Feeding Practices: Supplementary feed - theory and practice, complete diet - theory and practice, Feeding methods and scheduling, ration size, feed performance and economics.

Bleeding and chilling equipment- Gutting, cleaning and Descaling equipment - deskinning equipment - heading equipment- splitting equipment -  filleting equipment - trimming - pin bone removing equipment - Dark meat removing equipment - pre-processing equipment- processing equipment- storage equipment.

THEORY

Engine characteristics-capacity of cylinders, IHP, BHP, FHP, BMEP, torque determinations; SFC values; compression ratio and thermal efficiency; volumetric efficiency; mechanical efficiency different ratings - continuous, peak, intermittent, etc.

Types of combustion chambers; multi fuel engines - supercharging, turbo charging; cooling systems; Lubrication systems; air intake and exhaust systems; reversible engines; method of reversing; engine testing; dynamometer, indicator diagrams, etc.

Propulsion system – Combinations of engine, transmission and propeller; Function of main engine, friction, clutch, hydraulic coupling, gearbox, thrust; bearing, shafting, propeller.

Auxiliary machinery systems – Requirements of a winch, windlass, line and net hauler – estimation of their driving torque and power; Operation of a hydraulic steering gear; Rudder torque.

Refrigeration systems on board the fishing vessels; Types of refrigerants and their suitability for marine applications.

THEORY

Strength of materials - Elasticity, Hooks Law - Stress and Strain. Tensile, Compressive and Shear forces. Failure of materials under tension, compression, shear and fatigue. Examples related to Marine Engineering. Cantilever and simply supported Beams, Shear force and Bending Moments, calculation of stresses and B.M. Diagrams for above and other systems of the ship Mechanical properties of common engineering materials - hardness, ductility, malleability, melting point etc. Fluid Mechanics Flow of liquids and gases, Laminar and Turbulent flow, Resistance to flow Viscosity - definition and meaning. Bernoullis Theory - simple treatment Loss of energy of fluid due to bends, friction, valves etc. Simple hydraulic equipments. Thermodynamics-Properties of steam, Boiling point and effect of pressure on it; saturated, dry and superheated steam; Dryness fraction. Meaning of sensible Heat and Latent Heat.

Engineering Materials -Common Engineering Materials. Various metals & alloys, Properties & uses. Ceramics and their use. Steels - Elementary metallurgy of steel production - smelting & refining, Iron -carbon diagram to show role of carbon in steels and effect on properties. Types of steel & use. Heat Treatment - Heat treatment of steels - Obtaining desired properties from steel for use in different areas.

Electrostatics, Electro-magnetism and Electricity. Electric current, Voltage, EMF, Ohms Law, Direct Current (DC) and Alternating Current (AC). Simple electrical circuits. Krichiffs Laws, simple calculations, wheatstone Bridge.

AC & DC Machines: DC generators. AC generators, Meaning of frequency, phase & power factor. Parallel running & load sharing. Prime mover - Diesel engine, steam turbines. AC&DC Motors. Transformer: High and Low voltage transformers, step up / step down Transformers, Transformer efficiency and maintenance & care. Power distribution: Main switch boards, power distribution boards, Circuit breakers, measuring instruments, overload trip short circuit trip, fuses other protections.

General Introduction and scope. Classification of ships as per propulsion plants. General layout of ships Engine Rooms and machinery. Main Engine plants and supporting systems. Introduction about ships Auxiliary System. Electrical power. Generation plants-Its supporting systems and importance. Bilge, ballast, fire, cargo & other pipelines of different types of ships.

THEORY

Introduction – Development of ocean-going Merchant Ships. Type of fishing vessels.  Modern merchant ships. Types of Ships: - Types of ships based on nature of cargo. Passenger Liners, Ferries. Specialized carriers for General Cargo, Bulk, Oil (Crude Oil and Products) OBOs, Container, RORO, LPG, LNG, Cattle, Cars etc. Special features of above types of ships. Definitions & Meanings: - LOA, LBP, EB, MB, Depth, Draft, Freeboard, Camber, Sheer, Rake, Rise of floor, etc.

Principal Parts of a Ship :- Bow, Stern, Shell plating, Double Bottom Tanks, Cargo Holds, Tween Decks, Deep Tanks, Fore peal and After Peak store rooms and tanks. Plate Keels and Duct Keels. Forecastle deck, Quarter Deck. Main/ Weather decks, Hatch covers, Cargo Gear, anchoring and mooring equipment etc. Machinery Spaces: - Engine Room – Engine Casing, subdivisions of Engine Room, Steering Gear, Pump rooms, Mast houses, Work-shops etc. Superstructure: - Wheel House, accommodation spaces, cabins, galley, pantry, dining saloons, recreation rooms, various stores and lockers, cold storage spaces etc. 

General layout of different types of merchant vessels. Layout fishing vessel: Simple sketches of the fishing vessel. Principles of Design: Common principles governing design and construction of various types of fishing vessels with respect to: Longitudinal, transverse and vertical strength, Continuity of strength, Strength – under static and dynamic conditions, Stability, Water-tightness, and Conformity with statutory requirements.

Steel for Ship Construction – Types of steel used in ship construction. Steel plates and their treatment. Rolled sections – various shapes and standard sizes. Castings and forgings and their use in construction. Testing of materials – various tests at production and building stages. Riveting and Welding: - Riveting as a joining process. Welding – its predominant use in ship construction. Advantages of welding over riveting ship construction. General ideas if Electric Arc welding – equipment, coated electrodes, methods used, etc. Gas welding and Gas cutting. Precautions while welding.

Laws of flotation. Buoyancy, Reserve buoyancy. Displacement, Deadweight. Change of draft due to change of density TPC, FWA, and DWA. The center of gravity of a ship and factors affecting the same. The center of buoyancy and factors affecting the same.

THEORY

Introduction – Development of ocean-going Merchant Ships. Type of fishing vessels.  Modern merchant ships. Types of Ships: - Types of ships based on nature of cargo. Passenger Liners, Ferries. Specialized carriers for General Cargo, Bulk, Oil (Crude Oil and Products) OBOs, Container, RORO, LPG, LNG, Cattle, Cars etc. Special features of above types of ships. Definitions & Meanings: - LOA, LBP, EB, MB, Depth, Draft, Freeboard, Camber, Sheer, Rake, Rise of floor, etc.

Principal Parts of a Ship :- Bow, Stern, Shell plating, Double Bottom Tanks, Cargo Holds, Tween Decks, Deep Tanks, Fore peal and After Peak store rooms and tanks. Plate Keels and Duct Keels. Forecastle deck, Quarter Deck. Main/ Weather decks, Hatch covers, Cargo Gear, anchoring and mooring equipment etc. Machinery Spaces: - Engine Room – Engine Casing, subdivisions of Engine Room, Steering Gear, Pump rooms, Mast houses, Work-shops etc. Superstructure: - Wheel House, accommodation spaces, cabins, galley, pantry, dining saloons, recreation rooms, various stores and lockers, cold storage spaces etc.

General layout of different types of merchant vessels. Layout fishing vessel: Simple sketches of the fishing vessel. Principles of Design: Common principles governing design and construction of various types of fishing vessels with respect to: Longitudinal, transverse and vertical strength, Continuity of strength, Strength – under static and dynamic conditions, Stability, Water-tightness, and Conformity with statutory requirements.

Steel for Ship Construction – Types of steel used in ship construction. Steel plates and their treatment. Rolled sections – various shapes and standard sizes. Castings and forgings and their use in construction. Testing of materials – various tests at production and building stages. Riveting and Welding: - Riveting as a joining process. Welding – its predominant use in ship construction. Advantages of welding over riveting ship construction. General ideas if Electric Arc welding – equipment, coated electrodes, methods used, etc. Gas welding and Gas cutting. Precautions while welding.

Laws of flotation. Buoyancy, Reserve buoyancy. Displacement, Deadweight. Change of draft due to change of density TPC, FWA, and DWA. The center of gravity of a ship and factors affecting the same. The center of buoyancy and factors affecting the same.

THEORY

Use of Simpsons rules in the computation of areas, volumes and centroids. Determination of position of the longitudinal center of gravity of a vessel for different conditions of load and ballast.

The effect on the position of center of center of gravity of a ship by adding, removing and / or shifting weights.

Longitudinal and transverse framing, Beams and Beam knees. Functions, construction and stiffening of water tight bulkheads including collision bulkhead. Shell and deck plating. Bilge Keels. Double bottom and peak tanks. Side and wing tank. Bilges. Construction, stiffening and closing arrangements of openings on deck and superstructures. Sounding pipes, air pipes, ventilators. Hawse-pipes, spurling pipes and their securing arrangements.

Stress and strains in ships in still water and in a seaway. Parts of vessel specially strengthened and stiffened to resist such stresses including panting and pounding. 

Causes and methods of corrosion control in steel work and also between dissimilar metals including cathodic protection.

THEORY

Use of stability, hydrostatic and stress data supplied to ships. Cross curves of stability , K. N. values, determination of Righting moment using K.N. values, Curve of statical stability and its practical usage.

Methods adopted to maintain integrity of divisions and opening in the hull. Rudders, construction and support. Stern frame, Propellers and Propeller shaft; stern tube and adjacent structure. General ideas on various plan supplied by shipyard. Mid ship sections of Fishing vessel.

Longitudinal center of buoyancy, Longitudinal metacentre and center of flotation and factors affecting their positions.

Theory of Trim. Changes of trim and draft due to loading, discharging and shifting weights. Change of trim due to change of density.

Outline knowledge of the functions of Clarification Societies. Surveys for assignments and retention of class.

THEORY

Meaning of bunting, halyard, at the dip, close up, half mast, hoist, fly, tack line Courtesy flag, ships numbers, jack flag, quarantine flag, pilot flag, Blue Peter. Location on a ship of Jack staff. Ensign staff, Gaff, Triatic stay, Foremast Yardarm, Main mast head. What flags are hoisted from these part of ship and when types of ensigns. Penalty for not using or wrongly using an ensign.  

Introduction – Terminology and definitions for communications – Methods employed in the marine industry – Flag signalling terms – Single letter meanings – International code of signals – Signalling by international code flags – Important two-letter signals – Sample messages employing international code of signals – Flag maintenance – Wearing of ensigns – Morse code procedure: signalling by flashlight – Morse code regular procedural signals – Morse code signalling by hand flags or arms.

Introduction and use of Radio Communication Equipment on board ship for distress and safety selection of suitable frequencies. Radio Regulations relating to maritime Services including maritime frequency allocation. Satellite Communication and Alerting systems – Equipment on board and shore. Methods adopted. Global Maritime Distress and safety System.

Principles and actual applications World Wide Navigational Warning System – India’s role as a Co-ordinator for area. Meteorological Broadcast – Routine weather messages and storm warnings. Search and Rescue Communications.

Satellite communication-Satellite links, ellipses, orbits and inclination, satellite construction, communication frequencies, domestic satellites, telemetry. Communication procedures. INMARSAT.

THEORY

Concept of Law-Civil, Criminal   Law,   Public   Law,   public   and   Private. International Law. Indian contract Act with reference to: Agreement, Offer and Acceptance, consideration, consent, capacity to contract, valid void and voidable contracts, quasi contract, breach of contract, remedies for breach, discharge of contract, agency bailment. 

Scope of Maritime Law: Sources, Subjects and objects. Continental Shelf, Exclusive Economic Zone, Sea. Bed,  Admiralty  Jurisdiction  International  aspects  of  Registration  Ship  building contracts  and  mortgage.  Nationality of ships, flags of convenience & flag discrimination.

International Maritime Organisation- Its Structure, Objects, &Functions. Indian Merchant Shipping Act, 1958 in general with special reference to Section 3, Registration of Indian Ships. Sections 435 fishing boats.

Marine Insurance Act-Insurable interest in a policy, difference between marine insurance policies and other policies, different types of marine insurance policies, perils of sea, claims. Settlement of claims. Legal remedies maritime liens, at common law, general legal remedies as given in specific relief act. Writs injunction Indian Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996.

THEORY

Introduction to sea safety-Safe navigation procedures for fishing vessels; Distress signals; marine communication equipments for sea safety; Lifesaving appliances- lifebuoy, lifejacket, liferaft, EPIRB etc., Signals for fishing vessel safety; agencies involved in fishing vessel rescue operations; Fire fighting and first aid at sea.

Weather warning signals and weather reporting system for fishing vessels; Bad weather preparations for fishing vessels; Stranding and beaching of fishing vessels and re-floatation procedures; Measures to enhance sea safety.

International conventions related to sea safety; Preparedness for disasters at sea. Collision – Flooding – Damage control – Abandonment from the vessel – Rescue and recovery of survivors – Stranding/grounding – Beaching procedure – Grounding/beaching-summary – Deck department checklist for watertight integrity of hull following grounding or beaching – Engine room department checklist for machinery spaces following grounding or beaching – Watertight doors - Man overboard. Basic concepts: Hazard, risk, vulnerability, disaster, capacity building. Multi-hazard and disaster vulnerability of India. Types of natural and manmade hazards in fisheries and aquaculture- cyclones, floods, droughts, tsunami, El-nino, algal blooms, avalanches, pollution, habitat destruction, over fishing, introduction of exotic species, landslides, epidemics, loss of bio-diversity etc. Causes, characteristics and impact of various disasters.

Management strategies: pre-disaster, during disaster and post-disaster. Pre-disaster: prevention, preparedness and mitigation; different ways of detecting and predicting disasters; early warning, communication and dissemination, community based disaster preparedness, structural and non-structural mitigation measures. During disaster: response and recovery systems at national, state and local, coordination between different agencies, international best practices.

Post-disaster: Methods for assessment of initial and long term damages, reconstruction and rehabilitation. Prevalent national and global management practices in disaster management. Agencies involved in monitoring and early warnings at district, state, national and global level. Sea safety and health.

THEORY

Weather and climate; composition of atmosphere; structure of atmosphere. Heat energy of atmosphere: process of heat transmission; heating of atmosphere; disposal of insulation; irregular heating of atmosphere.

Temperature instruments; periodic, horizontal and vertical temperature variations; effects of vertical air motion on temperature. Humidity and water vapour: relationship between temperature and humidity; distribution of water vapour in atmosphere; evaporation, humidity instruments and measurements.

Process of conditions of condensation, forms of condensation; precipitation; forms of precipitation, measurement of precipitation; rainfall in India. Clouds and thunderstorms: amount of cloudiness; ceiling; classification of clouds; conditions of cloud formation; reporting and identification of clouds; thunder storms.

Meaning of atmospheric pressure; the laws of Gases; pressure units; pressure instruments; vertical, horizontal and periodic variations; isobars and pressure gradients. Characteristics of wind motion; wind observation and measurement; wind representation; factors affecting wind motion. Terrestrial or planetary winds: ideal planetary wind system; planetary pressure belts. Planetary wind system; secondary winds; monsoon winds; land and sea breeze.

Storm divisions; pressure and winds; vertical structure of storm centre; hurricane, sea, swell and surge; hurricane warning. Weather forecasting: forecasting process; forecasting from local indications; role of satellite in weather forecasting; synoptic weather charts. Effects of climate change on fisheries sector. Visual storm signals. Frontal system. Ice at sea.

THEORY

Introduction-Sound waves-Transducers and beams-Acoustic propagation-Acoustic scattering- Echo detection- The operating frequency.

Introduction- Echosounders - Measurement of target strength- Sonars-Wide-band systems- Pingers and transponders- Calibration- Biological sounds and hearing - Underwater explosions-Swim bladder resonance-Plankton acoustics.

Introduction-Simple observation methods-Echo counting-Echo integration Target strength measurement techniques-Experimental results Discussion-Collected target strength data for survey applications

Introduction-Species composition- Echo-integrator conversion factor-Abundance estimation-Precision of the abundance estimate 8.6 Sources of systematic error

Echo sounder – major components, specifications and uses; Sonar – specifications, types; RADAR- instruments used for evaluation of underwater gear performance; global positioning system (GPS); vessel monitoring systems (VMS); communication systems – VHF, SSB, Immarsat system; safety devices – SART, EPIRB, GMDSS.

THEORY

Names of various parts of ship. Names and timings of watches. Sea terms, Look-out. Compass points. Safety wearing apparel - Safety goggles, helmet, safety shoes. removing rust by chipping hammers. Preparing a surface for painting. Paint brushes. Painting defects and their prevention. Cleaning of wooden decks. Cleaning and polishing of brass and copper.

Introduction – Anchors – Tests on anchors – Marks on anchors – Anchor certificate – Chain cable tests – Notes on cable – Kenter lugless joining shackle – D lugged joining shackle – Securing and stowage of anchors – Securing anchor and cable – Steam windlass operation – Preparing anchor for letting go – Disc brake systems for anchor handling windlass – Cable holders – Procedure for coming to anchor – Clearing away anchors – Chain cable/stud-link general information – Anchor terminology.

Introduction – Natural fiber ropes – Lay of rope – Small stuff – Synthetic fiber ropes – Bends and hitches – Working aloft and over side – Seizings – Rope work and cordage tools – Worming, parceling and serving – Cordage splice – Whippings – Marrying two ropes together – To pass a stopper – Breaking out mooring rope. Wirework and Rigging: Introduction – Steel wire rope – Steel wire rope rigging – Rigging fitments – Wire splicing – Stowage of wire hawsers – Safe handling procedures for wire rope – Mousing a hook or shackle pin – Blocks –care and maintenance – Blocks and tackles. Rigging pilot ladders – Mechanical pilot hoists.

Introduction – Derricks – Union purchase – Safe handling practice for derricks – Doubling-up procedure – Cranes – Cranes and derricks- advantages and disadvantages – Derrick tests and surveys – Calculating stresses in derricks by empirical formula.

Introduction – Selected terminology and definitions – Parts of the lifeboat – Types of wood construction – Boat fitments – Totally enclosed survival craft – Partially enclosed boats – Free fall lifeboats – Life saving appliances – Boat rigging – Launching procedure – Taking boat away from ships side – Boat recovery in heavy weather – Beaching a lifeboat – Boat handling and safe procedures – Sail theory – Sail terminology. Survival Craft and Practice: Introduction – Survival systems international – The inflatable life raft – Launching inflatable life raft – Boarding raft –Righting capsized life raft – Beaching a life raft.

THEORY

Introduction – Masters responsibilities – The integrated bridge – Functions of the integrated bridge – Safety and redundancy – Watch keeping: general duties – Duties of the officer of the watch (OOW) – Duties of the lookout – Duties of the helmsman – Duties of the standby man – Official publications – Security.

Different types of anchors. Cables and their care. Anchoring procedure. Duties on anchor watch. Use of second anchor. Foul anchor or hawse. Hanging off an anchor, breaking and slipping cables. Mooring – standing Moor, Running Moor Berthing - Clearing  a berth – Entering dock – Securing to buoys – Mooring – Letting go from buoys – Rigging slip wires – Mooring operations and deployment of anchors – Deep water anchoring  - Laying / carrying out anchors – Clearing a foul hawse – To weigh anchor by deck tackle – Anchor recovery – loss of windlass power – Hanging off an anchor – Lost anchor and re-securing of spare anchor – Turning vessel short round – Open moor – Mediterranean moor 

Boat drills and musters. Action prior to, and after abandoning ship. Managing the craft and personnel in the craft. Handling of the craft. Landing signals.  An outline knowledge of SOLAS requirements of LIFE SAVING APPLIENCES

Introduction – Causes of fire. The fire triangle. Principles of fire fighting. Types of fire and methods of extinguishing each type. Various methods of detection and fighting of fire. Equipment for on board firefighting –Small fires – Accommodation fires at sea –Gallery fires at sea – Machinery space  fires at sea –Paint room fires – Fixed fire-fighting installations – International shore connection – Self-contained breathing apparatus – Contents of fireman’s outfits. Outline knowledge of SOLAS requirements on FFA.

Effect of various factors on manoeuvring. Berthing and unberthing at quays. Management of vessel in heavy weather. Precautions in manoeuvring for lunching of boats or life rafts in bad weather. Methods of taking on board survivers from life boats and life rafts.

THEORY

Properties and uses of paints resins and other protective coverings. Preparations for dry docking and undocking. Use of side shores, bilge blocks and bilge shores. Inspection and maintenance of ship and equipment. Items to be covered include Hull, Bulkheads, DBs, Deep and Peek tanks, bulges, pipe lines, rudders, anchor and cables. Davits, safety equipment, derricks and other cargo gear, Navigation lights. A practical knowledge of siting and screenary of ships navigational flights. Treatment of steel surface – Removal of rust and scale – Primers – Modern paints. Dry Docking-general procedures – Precautions to be observed – Distribution of weights. Maintenance of Crew accommodation. Methods of post control. Fumigation of holds and living spaces. Safe guards in applying various methods.

Action by vessel in distress – Masters obligations – Obligations of rescuing craft – When assistance is no longer required – Searching the sea – Aircraft in distress – Communication between surface craft and aircraft – Surface to surface rescue – Pyrotechnics – Communications.

Load Line marks, Entries and reports in respect of freeboard. Draft and allowances. Safety of the ship, crew and passengers. Assistance to vessels in distress and salvage. Duties of Master in the Case of an accident. The law relating to the reporting of derelicts, tropical revolving storms and other dangers t navigation.

Rudders – Propellers – Machinery Pod Technology – Turning circles – Steering gear operations – Steering applications – Auxiliary / emergency steering – Bow / stern thruster units – Steerable 360°C thrusters – Waterjet propulsion – Fin stabillisers – Manoeuvring with mooring lines – Fairleads – Bollards (bitts).

Modern vessel: equipped with twin CPP and bow thrust – Interaction – Shallow water effects and squat – Working with tugs – Composite towline.

THEORY

Study of IMO codes and guidelines for the carriage of dangerous goods, chemicals in bulks, liquefied gases in bulk. Dangerous goods in packaged form (SOLAS, Ch. VII, IMDG Code and MARPOL Annex III) Classification of IMDG cargo with distinctive labels and examples. Use of IMDG Code, UN No., General Index, MFAG, EmS. Compatibility and segregation table, precautions during stowage handling and loading of explosives.

Principles involving the carriage of oil. Procedure at follow at tanker terminals. Avoidance of accidental pollutions and precautions to be taken. study of Tankers with respect to: Types of pumps, valves, pipeline systems, Ullageing, interface, cargo calculation. Operation of loading, discharging, ballasting, deballasting, inerting, tank washing including COW, gas freeing. Flammability diagram. Instructions for use of oxygen and hydrocarbon analysers. Man entry procedures. Rescue teams. Control of oil spill.

Detailed study of stowage and securing of various types of cargoes taking into account safety of ships and cargoes. Cargo handling gear, designs and strength parameter, special requirements for handling of bulk cargoes and containers. Carriage of timber and timber code. Ro – Ro Vehicles Preparation of car decks for loading, procedures for opening, closing and securing of bow, stern and side doors and ramps and its water tight integrity. Offshore Supply Vessels Type and features of OSV, use and purpose of OSV.

Study of bulk carriers with respect to: Loading, discharging, ballasting, de-ballasting operations. Precautions to be taken for high density cargoes, grain and concentrates. Calculations relating to above topics. 

Basic knowledge of the various components of a shipboard GMDSS station. Communication procedures under GMDSS in Distress & Safety situations in accordance with regulations contained in SOLAS, ITU and other publications.

THEORY

The shape of the earth, Poles, Equator, Great circles, Small circles, Parallels of latitude, D-Lat, Meridians, Prime meridian, Longitude, D-long, Position by latitude & longitude.

Nautical, Geographical and Statute mile. Knot, Effect of polar compression on nautical mile. Compass Points. True and Magnetic north, Magnetic variation and changes in its annual value, compass course to true course and vice versa. Departure-Relationship between Departure and D-long. Parallel sailing. Rhumb Line. Mean latitude. Plane sailing. Relationship between departure, d-lat, course and distance. Middle Latitude.

Mercator chart, Natural Scale, Meridional parts; DMP Latitude and longitude scales and conversion of one to the other; Mercator sailing. Relationship between Course, D’long and DMP.

Gnomonic chart. Dead Reckoning position (DR), estimated position (EP) & Observed position (Fix). Set and drift of current. Leeway- Spherical triangle. Great circle sailing initial course, final course, distance and vertex.

Rotation and Revolution Equinoxes and solstices. Cause of seasons and unequal length of day and night. The principle of the Sextant and the Azimuth Mirror. 

THEORY

The Nautical Chart. Natural Scale, Types of projections, Title of Chart, Number of Chart, Date of Publication. Deciphering the symbols and abbreviations used on a nautical chart. Units of soundings used. How to read latitude and longitude. The use of parallel rulers to lay down or read courses and using the nearest latitude scale for measuring distance. Correction from Notices to Mariners. To find the date the chart was last brought up to date. Small and large correction. Degree of reliability of infonnation shown on the chart. Types of charts. Ocean charts, coastal charts, harbour plans, routeing charts. The use of the admiralty catalogue to identify the charts required for voyage. Meaning of chart datum. Reference point used for heights. Nature of bottom. Depth contours. Information regarding lights. Height, colour and characteristics of lights. Use of leading lights for safe navigation in harbour. Horizontal sectors of lights and their use by navigators in keeping clear of submerged dangers to navigation. Use of sectors in laying courses. Use of clearing marks and horizontal and vertical danger angles. Sailing round an arc.

True, magnetic and compass north. Variation. Annual rate of change of variation. How to obtain variation from date given on the compass rose. Deviation of the compass. The deviation card. True, magnetic and compass course. Conversion of one to another. The compass error for the ships head. True, magnetic and compass bearings. Conversion of one to another. Gyro Error, high and low, conversion of gyro courses to true course and vice versa. The effect of current on course made good. Set and drift. The effect of wind on course made good. Leeway. The dead reckoning position, estimated position and observed position.

International regulations for preventing collisions at sea. Application. Exceptions for local rules or harbours etc. Exceptions for special class of ships. Responsibility for the consequence of neglect of rules. Definitions of terrn vessel, power driven vessel,  sailing vessel, fishing vessel, seaplanes,  vessel not under command,  vessel restricted in ability to manoeuvre,  constrained by draft,  underway, restricted visibility,  steering and sailing rules.

Maintenance of proper look out Maintenance of safe speed. Factors to be considered for determining safe speed. Determination of risk of collision with another vessel. Use of radar in determining risk of collision. Use of visual bearings. Types of actions to be taken to avoid collision or close quarter situation. Conduct of vessels in narrow channels and when approaching blind bends: conduct of vessel in traffic separation schemes of International Maritime Organisation.

Responsibility to keep out of way when two sailing vessels are on collision course. Responsibility to keep out of way when one vessel is overtaking another vessel of any type. Action to be taken by a vessel when meeting another vessel head on. Responsibility to keep out of way when two vessels are crossing each other. Action to avoid collision. Duty of the vessel which has the right of way. Action to be taken by such vessel required to keep out of way is not taking avoiding action. Right of way between a normal power driven vessel, a vessel not under command, a vessel restricted in the ability, to manoeuvre, a vessel engaged in fishing, a sailing vessel and a vessel constrained by her draft.

THEORY

The celestial sphere, celestial poles, equinoctial, declination, celestial meridian, Vertical circles, prime vertical, Ecliptic, First point of Aries, RA, SHA, GRA, LHA. V and d correction for moon and planets. Position of a heavenly body on Celestial sphere by Its declination and GHA, or by its altitude and azimuth, or its celestial latitude and longitude.

Visible, sensible and rational horizons, zenith, nadir, sextant altiitude, apparent Altitude, correction of altitude, dip, refraction, semi-diamter, parallax in altitude, Horizontal parallax, augmentation to moons S.D, reduction to H.P, True altitude And True Zenith dist. Total correction tables. Artificial horizon & correction of altitudes therefrom; back angle altitudes.

True and apparent motion of bodies solar time, Solar day; apparent sun, mean sun and dynamical mean sun; equation of time. Time and hour angle, Hour circles, Greenwich Time, local time & standard time. Keeping time at sea, advancing & retarding of clocks with change of longitude; International Date Line. Sidereal time, sidereal day, why stars rise four minutes earlier each day, conversion of solar time to sidereal time and vice-versa.

Derivation of formula: Sin amp - Sin decl. Sec lat. Apparent altitude of Sun Moon at time of theoretical rising or setting. Rising, culmination and setting of heavenly bodies. To find time of meridian Passage, sunrise, sunset, moon rise and moon set by calculation and by perusal of nautical almanac with appropriate corrections.

Geographical position, circle of position, why P/L is at right angles to the Azimuth - exceptions. Position to draw the P/L - Intercept Method; Longitude by chronometer method and Ex - meridian method. Effect of change of DR position on position for P/L and practical application.

THEORY

Elementary knowledge of passage planning and its execution. Landfall in thick and clear weather. The selection of a suitable anchorage. To find the time and height of high and low water at Standard Ports. The use of admiralty tide tables and tidal curves to find the time at which the tide reaches a specified height or heights of the tide at a given time and thence the correction to be applied to soundings of charted heights of shore objects.

The interpretation of a chart or plan, particularly the information given about lights, buoys, radio beacons and other navigational aids. Depths and height contours. Tidal streams Traffic lanes and separation zones. Recognition of the coast and radar responsive targets. Chart correction.

Geographical range, luminous range, nominal range and their significance. Development of electronic chart display system

Applicability. Determination of risk of collision when another vessel is detected by radar alone. Actions to be taken/avoid to prevent close quarter situation with a vessel detected on radar alone. Action to be taken when fog signal of another vessel is heard but vessel is not seen though it may have been detected by radar.

More detailed knowledge of International Regulations for Preventing Collision at Sea than that at the first year level. The IALA system of Buoyage - lateral and cardinal systems. Precautions while using floating navigational aids, such as buoys, light vessels etc. Radar plotting exercises. Relative plot. Action by own ship, Action by target ship, Set and Drift.