THEORY

Definition of reservoirs in India; nature and extent of reservoirs, topography and species diversity; importance of morpho-edaphic index in reservoir productivity and classification; factors influencing fish production; trophic phases in reservoir; pre-impoundment and post-

impoundment stages and their significance in establishment of reservoirs fisheries.

Salient features of reservoir limnology and their significance to fisheries development; management of small, medium and large reservoirs; present status and future prospects in reservoirs fish production.

Fisheries of some important reservoirs; recent advances in reservoirs fisheries management; conservation measures in reservoir fisheries. Fish stocking in Reservoirs

Role of cage and pen culture in enhancement of fish production from reservoirs; history of cage culture, advantages of cage culture; selection of suitable site of cage culture; cage materials, designs, shape, size and fabrication; cage frames and supporting system. Integration of cage culture with other farming systems.

History of pen culture, pen materials, fabrication; breeding of fish in pen; rearing of spawn in pen; grow-out from pens. Suitable species for culture in cages and pens; constraints in cage and pen culture; economics of cage and pen culture.

THEORY

Definition of statistics, Concepts of population, sample, Census and sample surveys, Classification of data, frequency and cumulative frequency table. Diagrammatic and graphical representation of data - bar diagrams, pie-diagram, histogram, frequency polygon, frequency curve and Ogives

Important measures of central tendency - arithmetic mean median and mode. Relative merits and demerits of these measures. Important measures of dispersion, Range, Mean Deviation, Variance and Standard Deviation. Relative merits and demerits of these measures. Coefficient of variation; Normal Curve, Concepts of Skewness and kurtosis.

Definitions of probability, mutually exclusive and independent events, conditional probability, addition and multiplication theorems. Random variable, concepts of theoretical distribution; Binomial, Poisson and Normal distributions and their use in fisheries.

Basic concept of sampling distribution; standard error and central limit theorem. Introduction to statistical inference, general principles of testing of hypothesis, types of errors. Tests of significance based on Normal, t, and Chi-square distributions. 

Bivariate data, scatter diagram, simple linear correlation, measure and properties, linear regression, equation and fitting; relation between correlation and regression, Length weight relationship in fishes; applications of linear regression in fisheries. Methodology for estimation of marine fish landings in India, Estimation of inland fish production in India and problems encountered.

THEORY

IT and its importance. IT tools, IT-enabled services and their impact on society. Computer fundamentals. Hardware and software; input and output devices.

Word and character representation; features of machine language, assembly language, high-level language and their advantages and disadvantages; principles of programming- algorithms and flowcharts.

Operating systems (OS) - definition, basic concepts, introduction to WINDOWS and LINUX Operating Systems.

Local area network (LAN), Wide area network (WAN), Internet and World Wide Web, HTML and IP. Introduction to MS Office - Word, Excel, Power Point.

Audio visual aids - definition, advantages, classification and choice of A.V aids; cone of experience and criteria for selection and evaluation of A.V aids; video conferencing. Communication process, Berlo s model, feedback and barriers to communication

THEORY

Basics of aquaculture, definition and scope. History of aquaculture: Present global and national scenario. Aquaculture vs Agriculture

Systems of aquaculture - pond culture, pen culture, cage culture, running water culture and zero water exchange system

Extensive, semi-intensive, intensive and super intensive aquaculture in different types of water bodies viz., freshwater, brackish water inland saline and marine water

Principles of organic aquaculture. Pre-stocking and post stocking pond management. Carrying capacity of pond, factors influencing carrying capacity. Criteria for selection of candidate species for aquaculture

Major candidate species for aquaculture: freshwater, brackish-water and marine. Monoculture, polyculture and integrated culture systems. Water and soil quality in relation to fish production. Physical, chemical and biological factors affecting productivity of ponds. 

THEORY

Introduction to extension education and fisheries extension concepts, objectives and principles; extension education, formal and informal education; History and role of fisheries extension in fisheries development. Fisheries extension methods individual, group and mass contact methods and their effectiveness, factors influencing their selection and use; 

Characteristics of technology, transfer of technology process; important TOT programs in fisheries; role of NGOs and SHGs in fisheries; Fisheries co-management; Adoption and diffusion of innovations, adoption and diffusion process, adopter categories and barriers in diffusion of fisheries innovations; 

Extension program planning and evaluation steps and importance; participatory planning process. basic concepts in rural sociology and psychology and their relevance in fisheries extension; social change, social control, social problems and conflicts in fisheries; gender issues in fisheries; 

Theories of learning, learning experience, learning situation. Structural and functional grammar; meaning and process of communication; verbal and non-verbal communication; listening and note taking, writing skills, oral presentation skills; field diary and lab record; indexing, footnote and bibliographic procedures. 

Reading and comprehension of general and technical article, précis writing, summarizing, presentations, impromptu presentation, public speaking; Group discussion. Organizing seminars and conferences. 

THEORY

Introduction to fisheries economics, basic economic terminologies micro and macroeconomics, positive and normative economics, environmental economics, resource, scarcity, farm-firm relationships, production Contribution of fisheries sector to the economic development of the country.

Micro-economics: theories of demand, supply; market equilibrium price, consumption, utility, Consumer surplus. Elasticity price, income, cross, application of elasticity in fisheries managerial decision. Farm production economics production functions in capture and culture fisheries;

Costs and returns breakeven analysis of fish production system; concepts of externalities and social cost; factors of production, marginal cost and return, law of diminishing marginal return, returns to scale, economies of scale and scope, revenue, profit maximization, measurement of technological change, farm planning and budgeting. Significance or importance of marginal cost.

Macro-economics: Introduction to national income, accounting, measurement and determinants of national income, contribution of fisheries to GNP and employment; balance of payments, economic growth and sustainable development. Globalization: dimensions and driving Forces.

Introduction to GATT and WTO. WTO Framework Key Subjects - Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS), Seafood Export Regulations; Non-Tariff Barriers (NTBs) and Agreement on Anti-Dumping Procedures. Fisheries Subsidies and WTO. Fisheries Trade and Environment; protests against globalisation and WTO. Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) and different forms. Patents and patenting process, Agreement on TRIPS. Bio-piracy. GMOs in fisheries. Salient features of Indian Patent (Amendment) Act 2005. Overview of Patents in Indian fisheries sector.

THEORY

Major species cultured, production trends and prospect in different parts of the world. Freshwater aquaculture resources-ponds, tanks, lakes, reservoirs etc. 

Nursery, rearing and grow-out ponds preparation and management-control of aquatic weeds and algal blooms, predatory and weed fishes, liming, fertilization/manuring, use of biofertilizers, supplementary  feeding. Water quality management.

Selection, transportation and acclimatization of seed. Traits of important cultivable fish and shellfish and their culture methods-Indian major carps, exotic carps, air breathing fishes, cold water fishes, freshwater prawns, mussels. 

Wintering ponds, quarantine ponds and isolation ponds. Sewage-fed fish culture. Principles of organic cycling and detritus food chain.  Use of agro-industrial waste and biofertilizer in aquaculture. 

Composite fish culture system of Indian and exotic carps-competition and compatibility. Exotic fish species introduced to India. Culture of other freshwater species. Medium and minor carps, catfish and murrels. Species of fish suitable for integrated aquaculture. Integration of aquaculture with agriculture/horticulture. Integration of aquaculture with livestock. Cultivation of aquatic macrophytes with aquaculture (makahana). Paddy cum Fish/Shrimp Culture.

THEORY

Introduction to Public administration, principles of organization and management of public enterprises, Central and state responsibilities for fisheries development, Organizational set up of fisheries administration at the central and state levels. Present relevance of past fisheries policies and recent policies in fisheries sector. Functions and powers of functionaries of department of fisheries, corporations and co-operatives. 

Different central and state level fisheries institutions. Role of Central and State Government in the regularity activities of Aquaculture and Fisheries. Implementation of community based resource management plans. Historical review of fisheries development and management in India and world. International agencies/ organizations for promotion of fisheries worldwide. Fisheries legislation: overview of fisheries and aquaculture legislation in India. Indian Fisheries Act, 1897. Environmental legislation; Water Act, Air Act and Environmental (Protection) Act. International environmental legislation and its impact on fisheries.

Law relating to conservation and management of fishery resources in marine and inland sectors. Recent changes in land forms. Land reforms legislation as applicable to Aquaculture. Judicial judgments relating to Aquaculture. Objectives, functions and authority of fishery regulatory agencies like Coastal Regulatory Zone (CRZ) AND Aquaculture Authority of India. Brackishwater aquaculture act, Marine fisheries policy, Laws relating to fish products and marketing. International Law of Seas and international commissions of fisheries and their impact.

Concept of entrepreneurship; entrepreneurial and managerial characteristics; meaning an enterprise; motivation and entrepreneurship development; importance of planning, monitoring, evaluation and follow up; managing competition; entrepreneurship development programs; Generation, incubation and commercialization of ideas and innovations. 

Government schemes and incentives for promotion of entrepreneurship. Preparation of enterprise budget for integrated fish farming. Fiscal and monitory policies and its impact on entrepreneurship. Infrastructural and other financial requirement for fishery entrepreneurship. Government policy on Small and Medium enterprises (SMEs) / SSIs. Venture capital. Contract farming and joint ventures, public-private partnerships. Overview of fisheries inputs industry. Characteristics of Indian fisheries processing and export industry.

THEORY

Definition of reservoirs  in India; nature and extent of reservoirs, topography and species diversity; importance of morpho-edaphic index in reservoir productivity and classification; factors influencing fish production; trophic phases in reservoir; pre-impoundment and post-impoundment stages and their significance in establishment of reservoirs fisheries.

Salient features of reservoir limnology and their significance to fisheries development; management of small, medium and large reservoirs; present status and future prospects in reservoirs fish production. 

Fisheries of some important reservoirs; recent advances in reservoirs fisheries management; conservation measures in reservoir fisheries. Fish stocking in Reservoirs 

Role of cage and pen culture in enhancement of fish production from reservoirs; history of cage culture, advantages of cage culture; selection of suitable site of cage culture; cage materials, designs, shape, size and fabrication; cage frames and supporting system. Integration of cage culture with other farming systems.

History of pen culture, pen materials, fabrication; breeding of fish in pen; rearing of spawn in pen; grow-out from pens. Suitable species for culture in cages and pens; constraints in cage and pen culture; economics of cage and pen culture.

THEORY

Principles and objectives of co-operation, co-operative movement in fisheries in India, structure, functions, status and problems of fisheries co-operatives management in relation to resources, production and marketing. Role of credit for fisheries development, credit requirements of fishers, source and type of credit/finance, micro-credit, indigenous and institutional finance, structure of institutional finance in fisheries; returns, risk bearing ability and recovery in fisheries sector; role of NABARD in fisheries development; role of insurance in fish and shrimp farming and industry. Basic accounting procedures, profit and loss account

Introduction to marketing management; core marketing concepts: market structure, functions and types, marketing channels and supply chain, marketing margins, marketing environment, marketing strategies, product development and product mix, consumer behavior and marketing research. Fish markets and marketing in India, demand and supply of fish, market structure and price formation in marine and inland fish markets; cold storage and other marketing infrastructure in India;

Export markets and marketing of fish and fishery products; Trade liberalization and fisheries markets. Integrated marketing approach in fisheries. Sea food export case study on product and market diversification- export and import policies (fisheries). New product development and market segmentation. Export and import policies relevant to fisheries sector.

Introduction to fish business management- Concept of management, management process (planning, organising, staffing, leading and controlling), Organizational behaviour, human resource planning, new dimensions in fish business environment and policies. Accounting procedures of fish business entity.

Emerging trends in fish production,  processing, marketing and exports. Assessing overall business environment in the Indian economy. Overview of Indian social, political and economic systems and their decision making by individual entrepreneurs. Globalisation and the emerging business /entrepreneurial environment. Social Responsibility of Business. 

THEORY

World trade of ornamental fish and export potential. Different varieties of exotic and indigenous fishes. Principles of a balanced aquarium. Fabrication, setting up and maintenance of freshwater and marine aquarium. 

Water quality management. Water filteration system-biological, mechanical and chemical. Types of filters. 

Aquarium plants and their propagation methods. Lighting and aeration. Aquarium accessories and decorative. Aquarium fish feeds. Dry, wet and live feeds. 

Breeding and rearing of ornamental fishes. Broodstock management. Application of genetics and biotechnology for producing quality strains.

 Management practices of ornamental fish farms. Common diseases and their control. Conditioning, packing, transport and quarantine methods. Trade regulations and wild life act in relation to ornamental fishes.

THEORY

An overview of sea farming and shore-based aquaculture in different parts of the world. Resources for shore-based aquaculture and sea farming  in  India.  

Traits  of  important cultivable fish and shellfish (seabass, mullet, milkfish, grouper, cobia,  snappers, ayu, pearlspot, tiger shrimp, white shrimp, mud crab, mussel, clam, oysters (edible and pearl oyster), lobster,  seaweeds, Seed resources.

Shore based aquaculture system: traditional (pokkali, bheries, gazanis, khazans), semi- intensive, intensive aquaculture practice of commercially important species of fish and shellfish. 

Methods of Shellfish Culture rafts, racks, cages, poles and ropes., Water and soil quality management. 

Estimation of growth, survival and pond productivity. Seaweed culture, Pearl culture, Sea ranching. 

THEORY

Freshwater and marine fish seed resources. Natural breeding of finfishes.  Selection of riverine spawn collection sites, gears used and methods of collection. Spawn quality  and  quantity  indices.  Advantages and disadvantages of riverine  seed  collection

Sexual maturity and breeding season of various cultivable species. Development of gametes in male and female. Fish egg and embryonic development. 

Methods of breeding; bundh breeding - wet and dry bundhs, collection and hatching of eggs, factors involved in bundh breeding, advantages and disadvantages of bundh breeding. Induced breeding of warmwater finfishes, environmental factors affecting spawning, sympathetic breeding. Hypophysation  of fishes.  Fish pituitary gland its structure, collection, preservation and preparation of   extract   for   injection, dosages and methods of  injection.   

Brood-stock management and transportation of brood fish. Synthetic hormones used for induced breeding of carps. Different types of fish hatcheries-traditional, Chinese, glass jar and modern controlled hatcheries. Causes of mortalities of eggs and spawn and remedies. Spawn rearing techniques. Use of anesthetics in fish breeding and transport. 

Breeding techniques for Indian major carps, exotic carps, mahaseers, trouts, tilapias, catfishes, grey-mullets, milk fish, pearl spot, sea bass, sea horse, groupers, pacu, cobia, pompanos and indigenous fishes, etc. Off-season and multiple breeding of carps. 

THEORY

Natural seed resources, site selection and collection methods.  Life  cycle  of  important shellfish (Penaeus monodon, P. indicus, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, P. vannamei, Scylla serrata, lobster, edible, oyster, pearl oyster, fresh water mussel, holothurians, horse-shoe carb, Sepia, Loligo, cray fish etc.). 

Sexual maturity and breeding seasons of different species. Maturation stages of Macrobrachium rosenbergii and Penaeus monodon. and P. Vannamei. Induced maturation in Penaeus monodon and P. vannamei P. indicus by eye stalk ablation. 

Reproductive physiology. Reproductive hormones in crustaceans.  Brood stock management of Penaeus monodon and Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Breeding and hatchery management of Penaeus monodon and Macrobrachium rosenbergii.

Breeding and hatchery management of crabs lobster, mussel, edible and pearl oyster. 

Food and feeding of larval stages of important shellfishes. Health management in hatcheries. 

THEORY

Candidate species of phytoplankton and zoo-plankton as live food organisms of freshwater and marine species. Tropic potentials - proximate composition of live feed.

Biology, culture requirements and methodology of important live food organisms; Green algae, blue-green algae, Spirulina, diatoms.

Biology, culture requirements and methodology of important live food infusoria, rotifers, cladocerons.

Biology, culture requirements and methodology of important live food tubifex, brine shrimp, chironomids. 

Culture of earthworms, bait fish and forage fish. 

THEORY

Fundamentals of fish nutrition and growth in fish. Principal nutrients and nutritional requirements of cultivable fish and shellfish. Nutritional energetics: definition and forms of energy partitioning. 

Methods of feed formulation and manufacturing.  Forms of feeds: wet feeds, moist feeds, dry feeds, mashes, pelleted feeds, floating and sinking pellets. 

Non-conventional feed ingredients and antinutritional factors. Digestive enzymes, feed digestibility Factors affecting digestibility-Nutritional deficiency diseases

THEORY

Fundamentals: Force, work, power, energy, volume, pressure, temperature. Heat, specific heat, sensible heat, latent heat, comparison between heat and work-A path function. Thermodynamics: Laws of Thermodynamics, Laws of perfect gases, Thermodynamic processes, Application of First and Second law of Thermodynamics in refrigeration, Thermodynamics cycle, entropy, enthalpy. Refrigeration: History of refrigeration, Definition, principle, classification, Types of refrigeration systems i.e., Air refrigeration, vapour absorption refrigeration system. Vapour compression refrigeration system.

Refrigeration plant: Layout of refrigeration plant, Construction. Insulating materials used for the cold storage construction, Frozen product storage capacity of cold storage, usage of Ante-room. Refrigeration systems: Vapour compression refrigeration system advantages and disadvantages as compared to other refrigeration systems, Types of Vapour compression refrigeration cycles i.e., Theoretical Vapour compression refrigeration cycle, Actual refrigeration cycle. 

Compressors: Definition, Types of compressor, construction, working principle advantages and disadvantages. Evaporator: Definition, Types of Evaporator, construction, working principle advantages and disadvantages. Condenser: Definition, Types of Condenser, Cooling Towers, construction, working principle, advantages and disadvantages. Expansion valve: Definition, Types of Expansion valve, construction, working principle advantages and disadvantages. Refrigerant: Primary refrigerant, secondary refrigerant, properties, ideal refrigerant, leakage detection.

Study of auxiliary equipment: Receiver, oil charging, refrigerant charging, gas purging, oil draining, types of defrosting. Ice-plant: Ice plant planning   Brine tank construction, preparation of brine, Types of ice, Storing of ice, Equipments used in ice plants. Freezers: Definition, Design and construction of freezers i.e. Plate freezer, Blast freezer, Tunnel freezer, spray or immersion freezers, refrigerated fish rooms and fish hold. Alternative refrigeration technique arrangements used onboard the fishing vessel i.e., Refrigerated sea water (RSW), Chilled sea water (CSW). Refrigerated transport.

THEORY

Development fishing gears and Fishing Technology: Evolution of Fishing gears; Mechanization of Fishing; Basic classification of fishing gears- Principle,  Subsidiary and Auxiliary  gears. Classification of fishing gears and methods: FAO classification of fishing gear and methods of the world; International Standard Statistical Classification of Fishing gear (ISSCFG). Fishing gear materials: Natural materials and Synthetic netting materials and their classification. Types and important synthetic materials used in fishing gears.  Raw-materials for synthetic material; Preparation of nylon (PA 6.66) material; Different types of fibres- continuous fibre; monofilament, staple and split fibers and production of single yarns. 

Identification of synthetic fishing gear materials: Visual observation, water test, solubility test, burning test and melting point test. Construction of twisted netting materials: Yarn, single yarns, folded yarns, netting twine, cable netting twine and cable netting twine of higher order; Construction of ropes and their higher order;  construction of  braided netting twines. 

Yarn numbering system - direct system:  Tex system Denier system and calculation of resultant tex value. Indirect system: British count, metric count, runnage system and their conversion. Methods of Preparation of knotted and knotless webbing;, advantage and  disadvantages of knotted and knotless  webbings. Shape of mesh: diamond; square hexagonal and their measurement.

Properties of netting material: physical properties- Density, twist and amount of twist, Breaking strength-tenacity, & tensile strength, breaking length, abrasion resistance, elasticity, extensibility, water absorption &, shrinkage, sinking velacity, weather resistance, melting point and visibility. Chemical and Biological properties. Floats buoys its materials, types their properties; Classification of floats: based on shape and materials; calculation of buoyancy. Sinkers types, materials, properties- negative buoyancy. 

Factors to be considered while designing /selection of fishing gears; Biological, Environmental, oceanographical, Vessel characteristics and mesh size regulation. Choice of netting materials for trawl, gillnet and purse seine. Classification of trawl gears. 2 seem trawl; 4 seam trawl and wing trawl. Design and construction of wing trawl. Rigging of trawl gear: Arrangements of bridles, sweep lines and attachment of ground gears: tickler chain, bobbins and rock hoppers and attachment of otter board.

THEORY

Introduction -brief history of immunology. Types of immunity: Innate and adaptive immunity, cell mediated and humoral immunity, cells and organs of the immune system.

Antigens structure and types. epitopes, haptens. Antibody fine structure, classes with structure and functions, antigenic determinants on immunoglobulins. Antigen-antibody interactions- principle, antigen recognition by B-cells and T cells. Antigen-antibody reaction - Precipittin reactions, agglutination reactions. MHC complex types, structure, and functions.

Microorganisms associated with fishes in health and disease. Defense mechanism in finfish and shellfish- specific and non-specific immune system. Pathogenicity and virulence. Sources of infection, transmission of disease producing organisms, portals of infection. Immunity to bacteria, fungi and parasites.

Role of stress and host defense mechanism in disease development. Vaccines - types of vaccines whole cell vaccine, purified macromolecules, recombinant vector, DNA vaccines and multivalent subunit vaccines, modes of vaccine administration. Immunostimulants types, mechanism of action, modes of administration.

Serological methods in disease diagnosis. Immunoassays - immunodiffusion, ELISA, immunofluorescence, neutralization, radioimmunoassay, serotyping.

THEORY

Fish Farm- Definition, objectives, types of farms; fresh water, brackish water and marine farms. Selection of site for aqua farm- site selection criteria, pre-investment survey viz., accessibility, physical features of the ground, detailed survey viz., site condition, topography, soil characteristics. Land Surveying- definition, principles of surveying, classification of surveying, instruments used for chaining, chaining on uneven or sloping ground and error due the incorrect chain length. Chain surveying- definitions, instruments used for setting out right angles, basic problems in chaining, cross staff survey. Compass surveying - definitions, bearing, meridians, whole circle bearing system, reduced bearing system, theory of magnetic compass, prismatic compass. 

Leveling - definitions, methods of leveling, leveling instruments, terms and abbreviations, types of spirit leveling. Plane table surveying- instruments required, working operation, methods. Contour surveying- definition, contour interval, characteristics of contour, contouring methods and uses of contour. Calculation of area of regular and irregular plane surfaces, Trapezoidal and Simpsons rule, volume of regular and irregular shape as applied to stacks and heaps,   calculation of volume of pond. Earth work calculations- excavation, embankment, longitudinal slope and cross slope, calculation of volume of earth work as applied to roads and channels. 

Soil and its properties- classification of soil; soil sampling methods; three phase system of soil, definitions of soil properties and permeability of soil. Ponds - classification of ponds; excavated ponds, embankment ponds, barrage and diversion ponds; rosary system and parallel system. Planning of fish ponds, layout planning, materials planning, manual planning, comparison of square and rectangular ponds, large and small ponds; Types of ponds; nursing ponds, rearing ponds and stocking ponds. Design of ponds, pond geometry; shape, size, bottom slope of pond etc.,  construction ponds viz., marking, excavation etc.,  Dykes, types of dykes viz., peripheral dykes, secondary dyke, design of dykes, construction of dykes. 

Water distribution system- canal, types of canals; feeder canal, diversion canal etc., Pipe line system, Water control structures- types of inlet and out let and their construction. Water budget equation, Pond drainage system; seepage and the methods used for seepage control, evaporation; factors affecting evaporation, erosion of soil in dykes and its control. Site selection, planning and construction of coastal aqua farms. Brackish water fish farms- tide fed, pump fed farms, site selection - topography, tidal amplitude, soil and water sources etc.,

Hatcheries - site selection, infrastructural facilities;  water supply system, main hatchery complex viz., Layout plan and design of hatcheries-  brood stock ponds, artemia hatching tanks, sheds etc, Raceway culture system- site selection, layout plan, types of raceway culture system viz., parallel system, series system etc., Aerators- principles, classification of aerators and placement aerators. Pumps- purpose of pumping, types, selection of pump, total head, horse power calculation.  Filters- types and constructions.

THEORY

Introduction: History & development of fishing crafts. Traditional fishing crafts of India. Classification of fishing crafts based on fabrication dimension, nature of fishing, depth of operation. History & development of mechanization of fishing crafts.  Basic geometric concepts and important terminologies of fishing vessel. 

Form coefficients, properties of irregular shapes Calculation of longitudinal and transverse sectional area of fishing craft by using Trapezoidal rule and Simpsons rules. State of equilibrium; Volume of displacement; centre of gravity (CG); centre of buoyancy (CB); vertical centre of gravity (VCB); longitudinal centre of gravity (LCB). Stability of fishing vessels- longitudinal and transverse. Various equilibrium of ships-stable, unstable and neutral; Light weight, Dead weight, Tonnage system; Gross Registered Tonnage (GRT), Net Registered Tonnage (NRT).  

Boat building materials: Choice of construction materials: Wood, properties, advantages and disadvantages. 

Deck fitting. Maintenance of fishing vessels. fouling and boring organisms; seasoning and preservation of wood. 

Constructional details of boat: Offset tables; Mould lofting; Backbone assembly of wooden boat. Constructional details of Steel, FRP, Ferro Cement and Aluminum boats. Introduction of Outboard and inboard engines. 

THEORY

Structure of various commercial fishing gears. Rigging of fishing gears: Bridles, sweep lines, otter boards, floats and ground gears arrangements. Otter door: Different types of otter doors. Behavior of otter doors in water: Angle of attack, angle of heel and angle of tilt. Fishing accessories thimbles, shackles, C-links, rings, G-links, Kellys eye, stopper, bottle screw, Deck layout of different fishing vessels. 

Trawling: Beam trawling; otter trawling; side trawling; twin trawling out rig trawling bull trawling and mid water trawling. Constructional details of single boat purse seine; two boat purse seine and method of operation.  

Types of gill net   constructional details of  simple gill net, trammel gill net, stick held gillnet, frame gillnet and vertical line gillnet, Operation of gillnet: set gillnetting; drift gillnetting; bottom , mid water and pelagic gillnetting.

Line fishing: Types of hooks; structure and size of hooks. Constructional details of long line, tuna long line, vertical long line, pole & line and trolling line. Operation of long line: set and drift long lining: bottom, mid water and pelagic long lining; jigging. Operation of beach seine, boat seine and traps. Selectivity in fishing gear and by catch reducing devices.

Deck equipments types of winches, net haulers, line haulers, triple drum, gurdy, power blocks, fish pumps. Fishing equipment: Fish finder, GPS navigator, sonar, net sonde, gear monitoring equipment.

THEORY

Host, Pathogen and Environment interaction. Role of physical (injuries, health, cold) chemical (pH, salinity, toxins, ammonia, nitrogenous waste, endogenous chemicals,  metabolites, free radicals, oxidants),  soil and water parameters in fish health.

Stress in aquaculture and its role in disease development. Pathological processes: Cellular response to injury, inflammatory response to diseases.

Significance of Fin fish and Shellfish diseases in aquaculture.  Pathogen city mechanism of parasite, bacteria, virus and fungus. Disease development process.

Nutritional diseases. Non-infectious diseases.

Case history and clinical sign in disease diagnosis.

THEORY

Principles of navigation terms and definitions, finding positions and method of position fixing magnetic Compass-parts and functions, cardinal, inter cardinal, three letter and lay points pelorus and azimuth mirror, method of observation. Sextant -parts and functions, finding adjustable and non-adjustable errors and principles and use. Hand lead line construction and markings and method of taking soundings. Types of speed logs patent log, impeller log.

Types of marine charts, Mercator and gnomonic projections great circles and rumba lines, chart collections and chart readings, chart observation and fixing positions. The IALA-buoyage systems, cardinal and lateral marks, meaning of shapes, colours and lights top marks and explanation of approaching. 

International code of signals, flag signals mars code and storm signals general system, brief system and extended system, storm signals stations Indian coasts, Fog signals, types and methods. Distress signals, methods, types and communication international regulations for preventing collision at sea and recognition of lights and shapes at sea. Observation of radar and parts and functions of radar, aneroid barometer, parts and functions of echo sounder, and sonar, observation of GPS

Principles of seamanship- Causes fire at sea, fire prevention on board the vessel and method of fire fighting at sea and recommended fire fighting appliances, Life saving appliances life jackets, life buoys and method of operations and contents, SART and EPIRB.  

Observations of storms, formation of storms and method of locating the eye of the storms and method of escaping from the center of the storms as per buys ballet law. Preparing vessel to face heavy weather. Temporary repairs for leaks constructions of steering system and rigging emergency jury rudder .types of anchors and their applications. selection of suitable anchorage , procedure for anchoring anchor watch and procedure to combating dragging of anchor, method of standing moor and running moor, open moor berthing procedures, axial thrust , transverse thrust mooring and securing the vessel to the jetty rigging fenders and gangways , and method of leaving vessels from the birth.

THEORY

Introduction to Pharmacology: History, importance, terms and definitions, drug development, screening and nomenclature, scope of pharmacology in fishes.

Route of administration and method of application to fish. Source of drugs. Pharmacotherapeutic classification of drugs.

Pharmacokinetics: Biological membrane, absorption, distribution, biotransformation and excretion of drugs. Factors influencing drug metabolism.

Pharmacodynamics: Principles of drug action, concept of drug receptor, nature, chemistry, classification. Functions of receptor. Transducer mechanism, second messenger, non receptor mediated action. Dose Response Relationship, half life withdrawal period, potency, efficacy, threshold dose, therapeutic dose, maximal dose, toxic dose, lethal dose. Factors modifying drug action, Adverse drug effects, drug interaction and Bioassay of drugs.

Salient features in drug acting on digestive system, nervous system and cardiovascular system. Drugs used in fish transportation. Recent advances in pharmacology, biostatistics in experimental pharmacology, pharmaceutical industry.

THEORY

Composition of food and nutritional value; Moisture in foods. Biological oxidation, electron transport chain, P/0 ratio, oxidative phosphorylation. Carbohydrates - Naturally occurring polysaccharides in foods, Seaweed polysaccharides: Sources and their uses; Browning reactions enzymatic and non-enzymatic; Lipids - metabolism of lipids, oxidation of fatty acids;  lipoproteins - VLDL & HDL and their importance. 

Proteins - metabolism, deamination, decarboxylation, metabolic fate of amino acids, nitrogen balance, deamination reactions and nitrogen excretion with special reference to fish; Fish muscle proteins - chemical changes in muscle during contraction; Proteins in foods - role in hydration, native and denatured proteins, gel formation, functional properties of proteins, changes during heat treatment and processing, texturised proteins.

Nutritive value of foods - Energy value and energy requirements and their estimation; Water, electrolytic and acid-base balance; Nutritive value of proteins Concepts of  Biological Value, Protein Efficiency Ratio, digestibility coefficient, NPU values, pepsin digestibility; Role of dietary fibre in human nutrition. 

Composition of fish with emphasis on nutritional value; Amino acids of fish and shellfishes - Importance of essential amino acids. Fish lipids:  fatty acids, nutritional quality; Role of fish lipids in human nutrition; Non-protein nitrogen substances in fishes; Vitamins in fish - water soluble, fat soluble, significance in human nutrition; Minerals in fish - micro- and macro-elements, trace elements, significance in human nutrition. Other functional bio-molecules infish :peptides, collagen and squalene; Effect of different kinds of cooking fish - curry, frying, steaming, smoking, fermentation on nutrition value.

THEORY

General Toxicology: Definitions; Branches of Toxicology; Historical developments; Factors modifying toxicity; Toxicokinetics; Toxicodynamics.

Classification of poison. Types of poisoning- Toxicity testing - Chronocity factor, Untoward effects, Common causes, Diagnosis of poisoning, General approaches to diagnosis and treatment of poisoning.

Systemic Toxicology: Toxicity caused by metal and non-metals.

Phytotoxins- Toxic principles of various alkaloids and toxic plants, Drug toxicity and toxicity caused by Agrochemicals, mycotoxins and bacterial toxins. 

Collections and dispatch of specimens in toxicological cases, toxicity of drugs in Aquaculture: Maximum Residual Limits (MRL) of various drugs and chemicals in fish. Metabolism of toxic substances by aquatic organisms.

THEORY

Introduction and history of microorganisms in foods; Role and significance of microorganisms in nature and in foods; Sources and types of microorganisms in fish and fishery products. 

Factors (intrinsic and extrinsic) affecting the growth and survival of microorganisms in food; Enumeration of microorganisms in food by conventional and rapid techniques. 

Microbial principles of fish preservation and processing by application of low temperature, high temperature, drying, irradiation and chemicals; Microbiology and spoilage of fresh, semi processed and processed fish and fishery products; Indicators of microbiological quality of fish and fishery products. 

Food borne pathogens involved in infective and intoxication type of food poisoning Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, E. coli, Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes, Clostridium botulinum, C. perfringens, Campylobacter and Staphylococcus aureus their occurrence, growth, survival, pathogenicity and prevention. 

Other biological hazards associated with fish and fishery products- marine toxins-shellfish toxins, scombroid toxins, ciguatera toxins and puffer fish toxins; mycotoxins, parasites and viruses. 

THEORY

Importance of quality, definitions and terminologies. Quality dimensions of seafood sensory, intrinsic, quantitative and affective parameters. Pre-harvest and post harvest factors affecting quality . Assessment of quality changes in fresh and iced fish. Quality changes during processing. 

Prerequisites to HACCP. Application of HACCP concept in surveillance and quality assurance programmes for raw, frozen, canned, cured, irradiated, cooked and chilled, modified atmosphere packaged and freeze dried products. Risk assessment, principles of plant hygiene and sanitation, pest control, personnel hygiene, planning and layout, equipment construction and design. The HACCP for seafood industries and protection of food from adulterants. Waste management in seafood processing. Assessment of food safety programmes. 

Food laws and standards, national and international legislation, mandatory and non mandatory standards. Standards for sea foods - FDA, ISO,FSSAI, GOI notifications on fish and fishery products.  International regulatory framework for fish safety and quality. General requirements for export of fish and fishery products to the EU.

Role of export inspection council & export inspection agency and MPEDA in fish and fishery products. Executive instructions on fish and fishery products. Legislation for export quality assurance in India. Certification system for fish & fishery products. Legal basis for monitoring products related EU requirements. Scheme for approval and monitoring of establishments/factory vessels/ freezer vessels processing/storing fish & fishery products for export. Complaint handling procedure on fish and fishery products. Interpretation of test reports and limits on chemical residues. 

Labelling for product traceability. Labelling requirements - National and international, legislation on labelling.  Components of traceability. Code-nutrition facts and nutrition labelling. Specific requirements of nutrition labelling. Food meant for specific age group and convalescing people. EU legislation on traceability of fish and fish products. Use of additives in seafood processing as quality enhancers. Seafood safety, authenticity, traceability. 

THEORY

Scope and current scenario of therapeutics in aquaculture. Chemotherapy: History, definition, terms used and classification of AMA. 

Antibacterial agents, mode of action, general principles, classification.  Antibiotics, different classes and their mode of action, properties etc. Antibiotics used in aquaculture. Antibiotic resistance. Antiseptics and disinfectants. Antiparasiticides: Ectoparasites, Endoparasites and Protozoans. 

Biologics: Immuno-stimulants and Vaccines- Principles in preparation/formulation, mechanism of action. 

Therapeutants in aquaculture: Classification, pesticides, fungicides/ algicides, hormones, anesthetics, flesh color enhancers, Chemicals of therapeutic value, Low regulatory priority aquaculture drugs.

Drug formulation for aquaculture-Principles in preparation/formulation, mechanism of action, drug leaching, stabilizer, binders and dosage. Drugs used for structural material and substances for maintenance, substances connected with zoo technical practices, list of the drugs used in aquaculture with therapeutics.

THEORY

A brief introduction to developments in biochemistry and its transformation to molecular biology. Cell structure, water and major molecules of life. 

Protein chemistry: classifications and functions. Classification, structure, function and properties of amino acids. Essential and non essential amino acids. Primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure of proteins. Amphoteric property. Biuret reaction and xanthoproteic reaction. Digestion and absorption of proteins.  Enzymes: nomenclature; classification; specificity; mechanism of enzyme action; kinetics and regulation of enzyme activity. 

Carbohydrate chemistry: Structure, classification, functions (mono, di and polysaccharides) isomerism and mutarotation. Metabolism of carbohydrates: glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis, glycogenesis, TCA cycle, central role of TCA cycle in metabolism. Classification, structure, functions and properties of lipids. Essential fatty acids and phospholipids. Digestion and absorption of lipids. Lipid autooxidation. Significance of Omega-3 and Omega-6 fatty acids. 

Structure and functions of fat and water soluble vitamins. Vitamins classification- functions. Minerals classification functions. Steroid and peptide hormones- chemistry and function. Nucleic acids: Structure function and importance genetic code. Transcription and translation. Protein synthesis. Energy changes in chemical reactions, reversible and irreversible reactions in metabolism.

Biochemical Techniques: Chromatography Partition coeffient, Retention, Resolution, Capacity factor, theoretical plate, Van Deemter curve, Gel filtration chromatography, Ion exchange chromatography, Affinity chromatography, Hydrophobic interaction chromatography, Paper chromatography, Thin layer chromatography, Reversed-phase chromatography, Fundamentals of high performance chromatography Electrophoresis Native PAGE, SDS-PAGE, Isoelectric focusing, 2D-PAGE, Capillary electrophoresis Spectroscopy: Fundamentals of UV Spectroscopy, Spectrophotometer, Fundamentals of fluorescence spectroscopy, Spectrofluorometer.

THEORY

Milestones in microbiology. Contributions of Leeuwenhoek, Louis Pasteur, Robert Koch, Alexander Flemming, Joseph Lister, Winogrdasky. Microbial taxonomy Bergys and molecular taxonomy  Types of Microorganisms: Prokaryotes Morphology and ultrastructure of bacterial cell. General features, types and importance of viruses, cyanobacteria, actinomycetes, archae,  mycoplasma, rickettsiae. Eukaryotes Diagnostic features and importance of fungi and protozoa. 

Microscopy- Principle and construction of brightfield, dark field, phase contrast, stereo, SEM and  TEM.  Microbial Techniques - Types of media, types of sterilization - physical and chemical agents, cultivation of microorganisms, staining techniques simple, differential, structural staining; enumeration of micro-organisms, culture preservation methods. 

Bacterial metabolism: Nutrient requirements, nutritional types, bacterial photosynthesis and their ecological significance. Microbial growth: Growth phases, measurement of cell growth, factors affecting growth- influence of physico-chemical factors - pH, temperature, moisture, light, osmotic pressure, fermentation - types and significance. Microbial genetics- general principles, genetic recombination, transformation, transduction and conjugation. Plasmids- types and their importance. Mutation types and significance. 

Microbial ecology: Introduction and types of interaction, extremophiles and their significance Aquatic Microbiology: Introduction and scope of aquatic microbiology, aquatic environment as habitat for microorganisms - bacteria, cyanobacteria, fungi, algae, parasites and viruses; distribution of microorganisms and their biomass in rivers, lakes, sea and sediment. Influence of physical, chemical and biological factors on aquatic microbes.  Microbial biofilms. 

Role of microbes in the production and breakdown of organic matter. Role of microbes in sedimentation and mineralization process. Nutrient cycles-carbon, nitrogen, sulphur, phosphorus, iron, and manganese cycles.  Sewage microbiology, self purification in natural waters, sewage treatment, drinking water microbiology, sanitary quality of water for aquaculture, bioremediators.  Economic significance of aquatic microbes. 

THEORY

Disease surveillance and reporting. Quarantine and health certification in aquaculture.

Health management strategies in Aquaculture: Vaccines, Immuno-stimulants, Bioremediation, Probiotics, Crop rotation, Good and Best management practices. SPF and SPR stocks development and application. Bio-security principles, Sanitary and phytosanitary Agreement, 

Disease control through environmental management. Importance of Biofilm, Biofloc, Periphyton in aquatic health management.

Principles of disease diagnosis, conventional, molecular and antibody based diagnostic methods, rapid diagnostic methods.

THEORY

Introduction to freezing technology; characteristics of fish and shellfish; changes in fish after death, spoilage of fish, spoilage and pathogenic microorganism. Handling of fresh fish; sanitation in processing plants. 

Principles of low temperature preservations. Chilling of fish methods and equipment for chilling; icing quality of ice, ice making; refrigerated or chilled sea water, chilling rate; spoilage of fish during chilled storage; use of antibiotics and chemicals. 

Freezing of fish fundamental aspects; heat units; freezing point depression, eutectic point; freezing rate; methods of freezing, freeze drying, physico chemical changes that occur during freezing, mechanism of ice crystal formation; preparation of fish for freezing. 

Changes that occur during frozen storage microbiological, physical and chemical changes, protein denaturation, fat oxidation, dehydration, drip; protective treatments polyphosphate, glazing, antioxidants, packaging; 

Thawing of frozen fish methods of thawing. Transportation of frozen fish, cold chain, quality control, HACCP in freezing industry. 

THEORY

Principles of genetics and breeding, Gene and chromosome as basis of inheritance, Mendels law of inheritance complete and incomplete dominance, monohybrid and dihybrid ratios

Gene interactions dominant and recessive epistasis. Pleiotropism. Lethal genes.  Sex - linked  genes,  sex  influenced  and  sex  limited  traits. Linkage and crossing over, Sex determination.

Introduction  to  population  genetics.  Hardy- Weinberg law and its significance. Quantitative genetics quantitative traits, polygenic traits, heritability. Mutation, Chromosomal structure and aberrations

Chromosome manipulation  techniques - androgenesis, gynogenesis and polyploidy and identification of ploidy. Cross breeding (hybridization) types of cross breeding, heterosis and design of cross breeding programmes, hybridization in different fishes. 

History and present status of selective breeding programs in aquaculture. Selection methods and mating designs. Design for selective breeding. Inbreeding and its consequences. Domestication methods. Seed certification and quarantine procedures. Cryopreservation of gametes.

THEORY

Introduction to canning and its historical developments. Advantages of canning in relation to other preservation methods. Raw materials and sub materials, their characteristics and suitability for canning. Classification of foods based on pH. Types of packaging materials for canned foods, metal containers (Tin Plate, TFS, Aluminium cans) and retortable pouches.

Principles of thermal processing. Heat resistance of micro organisms, heat penetration studies, mechanism of heat transfer. Cold spot and its importance, convection and conduction type of packs. commercial sterility, Absolute sterility, pasteurization and sterilization.

Canning process, process flow steps involved HTST and aseptic canning. General steps in canning procedure and importance, preparation of raw material, packing, pre-cooking, exhausting, seaming, retorting, cooling labelling and storage. Canning of commercially important fin fishes, shell fishes and cephalopods. 

Process calculation by general/ graphical methods, estimation of Fo value of the process (D-value, Z-Value TDT, F-value, lethal rate). Commercial sterilization, 12-D concept. 

Spoilage of canned foods - types, causes and preventive measures. Quality standards, plant layout, hygiene and sanitation and waste disposal. 

THEORY

Fish meal. Dry reduction and wet reduction methods specification packaging and storage. Fish oil body oil liver oil extraction purification preservation storage application.

Fish protein concentrate. Fish hydrolysate, partially hydrolyzed and deodorized fish meat, functional  fish protein concentrate  and their incorporation  to various products. 

Fish silage acid silage fermented silage application. Utilization of seaweeds: agar agar, algin, carrageenan. 

Fish maws, shark leather, fish glue, fish gelatin, isinglass, pearl essence, shark fin rays, beach-de-mer. 

Shrimp wastes chitin chitosan-production uses. Biochemical and pharmaceutical products

THEORY

Introduction to Biotechnology scope and importance in fisheries/aquaculture, Nucleic acids -structure, function and types, Concepts of gene and genetic code, Operons. Structural organization of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell. transcription and translation, mutations and their implications. Post transcriptional modification and RNA processing. Gene regulation and expression in prokaryotes and eukaryotes;

Genetic engineering- Restriction enzymes; Gene isolation; Cloning vectors; Probes; Recombinant DNA technology vaccines. Transgenic fish and Gene transfer technology, Animal Cell Culture, Hybridoma technology.

Molecular and immunological techniques PCR; immunoblotting; ELISA; Principle of hybridization; Northern blotting; Western blotting; Southern blotting; DNA fingerprinting; Restriction fragment length polymorphism. DNA sequencing, 

Biosensors. Concept of bioremediation of water, bioprocess engineering and bioprospecting.

Introduction to Bioinformatics;  Biological Databases and tools : Introduction; Types of biological databases; Primary and secondary databases;  PDB,  NCBI, formats and contents;  Sequence retrieval, manipulation; Primer design; Restriction mapping;  ORF finding; EMBOSS, Molecular visualization Sequence analysis.

THEORY

Principle of fish preservation and processing.  Processing of fish by traditional methods salting, sun drying, smoking, marinating and fermentation. Theory of salting, methods of saltingwet salting and dry salting. 

Drying and dehydration-  theory, importance water activity in relation to microbial growth. Sun drying and artificial drying-  solar dryer. Packaging and storage of salted and dried fish. Different types of spoilage in salt cured fish. Quality standard for salted and dry fish. 

Fish preservation by smoking- chemical composition of wood smoke and their role in preservation. Methods of smoking and equipment used for smoking. Carcinogenic compound in wood and methods to remove them. Hurdle technology in fish preservation and processing. 

Marinated and fermented fish products role of acids in marinades, Fish and prawn pickles, fish sauce and Fish paste, traditional Indian fermented products.  Fermented fish products of Southeast Asia. Principles and methods of preparation of various fish paste products like fish sausage, fish ham, surimi, fish cake, kamaboko etc.  

Fish muscle structure, myofibrillar protein and their role in elasticity formation.  Extruded products   theory of extrusion, equipment used, advantages of extruded products, methods of preparation of extruded products. Value addition. Diversified fish products: battered and breaded products-fish finger, fish cutlet, fish wafer, and fish soup powder etc. and imitation products. HACCP in safe products production.

THEORY

Introduction to packaging, Importance of packaging in fish processing, functions, objectives and requirements. Packaging materials, basic and laminates, principles of their manufacture and their identification. Printing for packaging and print identification.

Packaging equipment and machinery. Package design, evaluation and testing. Flexible packaging materials, rigid containers, thermoform containers, glass containers, corrugated fiber boards, duplex cartons, edible packaging materials. Closures of packaging, heat seals bottle closure.

Laminations and co-extrusions. Polymeric Packaging. Retort pouch packaging - advantages and disadvantages. vacuum packaging, MAP, Biodegradable films, active packaging. Packaging requirements of fresh fish, frozen fish, canned Fish. 

Properties of packaging materials and their use in protective packaging with special reference to food. Principles of packaging fresh produce handling and transportation. Packaging for retail sale and storage. 

Transport worthiness of packaging materials, accelerated shelf testing. Materials and their safe use in food contact application. Safety and legislation aspects of packing. Labelling and bar coding.

THEORY

Principles of taxonomy. Nomenclature, types. Classification and interrelationships. Criteria for generic and specific identification.

Morphological, morphometric and meristic characteristics of taxonomic significance.

Major taxa of inland and marine fishes up to family level.

Commercially important freshwater and marine fishes of India and their morphological characteristics.

Introduction to modern taxonomic tools: karyotaxonomy, DNA barcoding, protein analysis and DNA polymorphism.

THEORY

Nature  of  Atmosphere:  weather  and  climate;  composition  of  atmosphere;  structure  of atmosphere.  Heat  energy  of  atmosphere:  process  of  heat  transmission;  heating of atmosphere;  disposal  of  insulation;  irregular  heating  of  atmosphere. Temperature: Temperature instruments; periodic, horizontal and vertical temperature variations; effects of  vertical air motion on temperature. Humidity and water vapour:  relationship between temperature and humidity; distribution of water vapour in atmosphere; evaporation, humidity instruments and measurements. Condensation and precipitation: process of conditions of condensation, forms of condensation; precipitation; forms of precipitation, measurement of precipitation; rainfall in India. 

Clouds and thunderstorms: amount of cloudiness; ceiling; classification of clouds; conditions of cloud formation; reporting and identification of clouds; thunderstorms. Atmospheric pressure: meaning of atmospheric pressure; the laws of Gases;  pressure  units;  pressure  instruments;  vertical, horizontal  and  periodic  variations; isobars and pressure gradients. Wind: characteristics of wind motion; wind observation and measurement; wind representation; factors affecting wind motion. Terrestrial or planetary winds:  ideal planetary wind system; planetary pressure belts. Planetary wind system; secondary winds; monsoon winds; land and sea breeze. 

Tropical cyclones: storm divisions; pressure and winds; vertical structure of storm centre; hurricane, sea, swell and surge; hurricane warning. Weather forecasting:  forecasting process; forecasting from local indications; role of satellite in weather forecasting; synoptic weather charts. Effects of climate change on fisheries sector. Introduction to Geography: shape, size and structure of the earth; concepts of latitude, longitude and great circles; model globe, maps and different types of projections; cartography; landscape. 

 Basic concepts: Hazard, risk, vulnerability, disaster, capacity building. Multi-hazard and disaster vulnerability of India. Types of natural and manmade hazards in fisheries and aquaculture -  cyclones,  floods,  droughts,  tsunami,  El-nino,  algal  blooms,  avalanches, pollution,  habitat  destruction,  over  fishing,  introduction  of  exotic  species,  landslides, epidemics, loss of bio-diversity etc. Causes, characteristics and effects of disasters. 

Management  strategies:  pre-disaster,  during  disaster  and  post-disaster.  Pre-disaster: prevention, preparedness and mitigation; different ways of detecting and predicting disasters; early warning, communication and dissemination, community based disaster preparedness, structural and non-structural mitigation measures. During disaster: response and recovery systems at national, state and local, coordination between different agencies, international best practices. Post-disaster: Methods for assessment of initial and long term damages, reconstruction and rehabilitation. Prevalent national and global management practices in disaster management. Agencies involved in monitoring and early warnings at district, state, national and global levels. Sea safety and health.  Acquaintance with fire-fighting devices. Life saving appliances and first-aid. Uses of distress signals and technologies. Relief and rehabilitation measures, trauma counselling. 

THEORY

Analytical chemistry: principles, applications and types. Classical methods of analytical chemistry, volumetry and gravimetry. Solutions: Standard solutions, titration, indicators, dilute solutions, units of concentration: standard curve; nomograph. 

Soil Chemistry: origin and nature of soils. Physical properties of soil; soil colour. texture, structure, pore size, bulk density, water holding capacity. Soil types and their distribution. Soil chemistry: soil colloids, cation exchange, organic carbon, Carbon - Nitrogen ratio, soil fertility. Soil reaction: acidity, alkalinity, conductivity, redox - potential.

 Submerged soils: wet lands, peat soils, fluxes between mud and water, methane and hydrogen sulphide formation. Saline soils, Alkali soils, acid sulphate soils, iron pyrites, soil reclamation. Soil analysis: collection and preparation of soil samples. Determination of soil texture, water holding capacity, pH, conductivity, organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, lime requirement. 

Soil and water amendments: lime manures, fertilizers, micronutrients, zeolites, alum, gypsum. Environmental ameliorative: chlorination, deodorizers, bacterial formulation. Soil quality criteria/ requirements for aquaculture.

THEORY

Introduction to limnology: inland water types, their characteristics and distribution; ponds and lakes; streams and rivers; dynamics of lentic and lotic environments. Lakes - their origin and diversity. Famous lakes of the world and India; 

Nature of lake environment; morphometry, physical and chemical conditions and related phenomena; biological relations: influence of physical and chemical conditions on living organisms in inland waters. Plankton: planktonic organisms; 

Classification of plankton; distribution of plankton: geographic, vertical, horizontal and seasonal distribution of phytoplankton and zooplankton; seasonal changes of body form in planktonic organisms; food of planktonic organisms; primary productivity: Aquatic  plants:  characteristics,  classification,  zonation,  seasonal  variations,  quantity produced chemical  composition  distribution  in different  waters,  limnological  role. 

Nekton: composition, distribution, movements. Benthos: classification; periphyton; zonation; distribution; movements and migration; seasonal changes in benthos, profundal bottom fauna. Biological  productivity:  circulation  of  food  material;  classification  of  lakes  based  on productivity; laws of minimum; biotic potential and environmental resistance; 

Quantitative relationships in a standing crop; trophic dynamics; successional phenomena; indices of productivity of lakes; artificial enrichment. Lotic environments: running waters in general; physical conditions; classification of lotic environments, biological conditions; productivity of lotic environments.  influence  of  currents;  plant  growth;  plankton;  nekton;  benthos; temporary and head waters streams; ecological succession. 

THEORY

Study of external and internal anatomy of important groups of finfish.  Study of oral region and associated structures. digestive system and associated digestive glands presents 

Food and feeding habits of commercially important fishes- qualitative and quantitative methods of analysis of gut contents.

Circulatory system, respiratory system, nervous system, endocrine system, skeletal systems and sensory organs 

Urino-genital system- Reproductive biology Sexual dimorphism- maturity stages, gonado-somatic index, ponderal index, fecundity, sex ratio and spawning. Eggs and larval stages and developmental biology.

Age and growth determination by direct and indirect methods.  fish migration type and significance.   Tagging and marking.

THEORY

Introduction to Marine Biology: Divisions of marine environment- pelagic, benthic, euphotic, aphotic divisions and their subdivisions. Life in oceans - general account of major groups of phytoplankton, sea weeds, major zooplankton groups. 

Environmental factors affecting life in the oceans-salinity, temperature, light, currents, waves, tides, oxygen, and carbon dioxide. Vertical migration of zooplankton, Phytoplankton-Zooplankton relationship, geographical and seasonal variation in plankton production, plankton and fisheries. 

Inter tidal ecology: Rocky shore, sandy shore and mud flats, zonations, communities, and the adaptation. 

Mud banks: formation, characteristics, Estuaries: Classification, Physico-chemical factors, Biota and productivity, examples of some Indian Estuaries. Boring and fouling organisms. 

Nekton outline, composition of nekton, habitats of nekton. Bioluminescence and indicator species, Blooms, Red tides: cause and effects. 

THEORY

Aquatic environment, Flora and fauna: Components of aquatic systems, Aquatic productivity, nutrient cycles, energy flow, food chain. Animal associations: Symbiosis, commensalisms, parasitism, prey-predator relationship, host parasite relationship

Aquatic biodiversity-its importance, species diversity, genetic diversity, habitat diversity, diversity indices. Ecological and evolutionary processes. Ecological niches lagoons, estuaries, mangroves, coral reefs, flood plains, coastal wet lands, bheels, oxbow lakes. Threats to biodiversity- habitat destination, introduction of exotic species

Conservation of habitats, marine parks and sanctuaries. Conservation programmes for endangered species, ex situ and in situ conservation, captive breeding and management of endangered species. Various national and international conventions and regulations concerning biodiversity, including use of selective gears and exclusion devices

Selected aquatic mammal, reptile, amphibian and birds species of India relevant to fisheries: taxonomic status, identification characters, distribution, abundance, habitat, exploitation, threats and conservation.

Biology of aquatic animals: Cetaceans (whales. dolphins, porpoises and narwal), Sirenia (manatees and dugongs), Carnivora (seals, sea lions walruses, polar bear and otter), Sea turtles, tortoise, crocodiles, sea/freshwater snakes and amphibians.   IUCN criteria Red list, Wild Life (Protection) Act. 

THEORY

 Introduction to Oceanography: classification; expeditions national and international. Earth and the ocean basin, distribution of water and land; relief of sea floor; Major feature of topography and terminology; major divisions. Relief in Indian oceans. Ocean Waves: definition and terms; classification, Difference between surface and long waves; wave theories; surface wave generation; spreading growth; Beaufort Scale; spilling and breaking waves; long waves, Tsunamis, Seiches, internal waves. 

Ocean Tides: Definition; Tidal phenomenon, elementary tidal definition; tidal inequalities; tide producing forces types of tides tidal bores, tide prediction. Ocean Currents: Definitions and features; measurements of currents; direct and indirect methods forces acting on sea waters; drift currents Ekman spirals,  upwelling,  sinking,  gradient  currents;  thermohaline  circulation;  characteristics; course; and significance of some major ocean currents of the world. El-Nino. 

Physical properties of sea water: Salinity and chlorinity; temperature; thermal properties of sea water; colligative and other properties of sea water; Residence time of constituents in seawater. Properties of sea ice; transmission of sound; absorption of radiation; eddy conductivity; diffusivity and viscosity. 

General distribution of temperature, salinity and density: Salinity and temperature of surface layer (SST), subsurface; distribution of temperature and salinity; The T-S diagram; water masses of Indian oceans. Chemistry of sea water: 

Constancy of composition; elements present in sea water; artificial sea water; dissolves gases in sea water; CO2 system and alkalinity; inorganic agencies affecting composition of sea water distribution of phosphorus, nitrogen compounds, silicates and manganese in the oceans, factor influencing their distribution. 

THEORY

Study of external morphology and meristic characteristics of crustacean and mollusca.

Major taxa of inland and marine crustaceans up to family level.

Major taxa of inland and marine molluscan up to family level.

Classification of commercially important crustaceans species of India.

Classification of Commercially important molluscan species of India.

THEORY

Introduction to aquatic pollution, the sources of pollutants, toxic organic compounds and their impacts in the aquatic organisms and the abiotic environment, Classification  of  pollution-  physical,  chemical  and  biological  classification  of  water pollution-  description  of  terminologies.  Sewage  and  domestic  wastes-  composition  and pollution  effects-  sewage  treatment  and  its  reuse.  Agricultural  wastes-  organic detritus, nutrients, Adverse effects of oxygen demanding wastes: importance of dissolved oxygen; Oxygen  demand;  BOD;  COD;  Oxygen  budget;  Biological  effects  of  organic  matter. Excessive plant nutrients:  Eutrophication; Red tides and fish kills. 

Pesticide  types and categories;   inorganic   pesticides, Organo-chlorine   compounds,   Organo-phosphorous compounds;  Polychlorinated  biphenyls  (PCBs);  Bioaccumulation  and  impact  on  aquatic fauna and human health; toxicology. Heavy metals: Interaction of heavy metals with water and aquatic organisms. Bioremediation and Phytoremediation. Oil pollution; Crude oil and its fractions; Sources of oil pollution; Treatment of oil spills at sea; Beach Cleaning; Toxicity of Petroleum Hydrocarbons;  Ecological  Impact  of  Oil  pollution-  Case  studies. 

 Microbial pollution:  Types  of  aquatic  microbes;  autotrophs  and  heterotrophs;  saprotrophs  and necrotrophs; Sewage Fungus Complex; Transmission of Human Pathogenic Organisms; Zoonosis; Development of Antibiotic Resistance   and its impact; Biofilms and Bio-corrosion; Radioactivity and background radiation of earth: Radionuclide polluting, special effects of radioactive pollution. Thermal pollution and its effects, Physical and chemical nature of possible  effluents  from  major  industries  in  India.  Monitoring  and  control  of  pollution: Biological  indicators  of  pollution. Solid waste management. 

Estuaries, Wet lands and Lagoons, Living resources Non living resources. Principles of remote sensing: orbits, electromagnetic radiation, diffraction, electro-optical, and microwave systems. Data Input, Data Management, Data Quality. Remote Sensing for Coastal Management. Geographical Information System (GIS): Definition, Concepts, Data Acquisition and Data Management.  Applications of GIS in aquatic resource identification. 

Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) Act, Coastal regulation zones for main land and islands Environmental policies, planning, administrative and regulations. CRZ mapping. Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM); concept, application and case studies. Communication, research, integration, institutional arrangements, regulations, stakeholder participation, the role of the private sector in ICZM. Impacts of human activities on coastal and ocean areas: Challenges related to climate change, expanding tourism, declining fisheries, intensive shipping and biodiversity protection. Problems related to sectors such as tourism and fisheries in the ICZM context; Analysis of multiple use management problems typical for the coastal areas with the maritime industry. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA): Principles and process.  EIA of coastal industries. Evaluation and Methodology; Social Impact Assessment and other developmental activities.

THEORY

Study of external and internal organization of commercially important crustaceans and mollusks.

Digestive, respiratory, circulatory, nervous and reproductive systems

Food and feeding habits ,  length weight relationship.

Age and growth determination by direct and indirect methods.

Growth, moulting, Reproductive biology, larval stages.

THEORY

Principles of taxonomy. Nomenclature, types. Classification and interrelationships. Criteria for generic and specific identification.

Morphological, morphometric and meristic characteristics of taxonomic significance.

Major taxa of inland and marine fishes up to family level.

Commercially important freshwater and marine fishes of India and their morphological characteristics.

Introduction to modern taxonomic tools: karyotaxonomy, DNA barcoding, protein analysis and DNA polymorphism.

THEORY

Study of external and internal anatomy of important groups of finfish.  Study of oral region and associated structures. digestive system and associated digestive glands presents 

Food and feeding habits of commercially important fishes- qualitative and quantitative methods of analysis of gut contents.

Circulatory system, respiratory system, nervous system, endocrine system, skeletal systems and sensory organs 

Urino-genital system- Reproductive biology Sexual dimorphism- maturity stages, gonado-somatic index, ponderal index, fecundity, sex ratio and spawning. Eggs and larval stages and developmental biology.

Age and growth determination by direct and indirect methods.  fish migration type and significance.   Tagging and marking.

THEORY

Study of external morphology and meristic characteristics of crustacean and mollusca.

Major taxa of inland and marine crustaceans up to family level.

Major taxa of inland and marine molluscan up to family level.

Classification of commercially important crustaceans species of India.

Classification of Commercially important molluscan species of India.

THEORY

Freshwater fishery regions of the world and their major fish species composition. Global inland fish production data. Capture fishery resources of India. 

Potential of inland water bodies with reference to respective state. Problems in the estimation of inland fish catch data. Fishing crafts and gears. 

Major riverine and estuarine systems of India. 

Major brackish water lakes and their fisheries. Flood-plain capture fishery- present status of their exploitation and future prospects

THEORY

Study of external and internal organization of commercially important crustaceans and mollusks.

Digestive, respiratory, circulatory, nervous and reproductive systems 

Food and feeding habits ,  length weight relationship.

Age and growth determination by direct and indirect methods.

Growth, moulting, Reproductive biology, larval stages.

THEORY

Classification and definition of fishery zones and fishery resources of world. Overview of marine fisheries resources of the world and India. Potential marine fishery resources of the Indias EEZ.

Major exploited marine fisheries of India, their developmental history and present status. Important pelagic resources of India. 

Important demersal resources of India.- Deep sea fisheries resources 

Important shellfish and seaweed resources of India.

Traditional, motorized and mechanized fisheries according to major gears. GIS and Remote sensing in marine capture fishery. Marine Fisheries Resource conservation

THEORY

Freshwater fishery regions of the world and their major fish species composition. Global inland fish production data. Capture fishery resources of India. 

Potential of inland water bodies with reference to respective state. Problems in the estimation of inland fish catch data. Fishing crafts and gears. 

Major riverine and estuarine systems of India. 

Major brackish water lakes and their fisheries. Flood-plain capture fishery- present status of their exploitation and future prospects.

Fisheries of major reservoirs / natural lakes of India. Cold water fisheries of India.

THEORY

Classification and definition of fishery zones and fishery resources of world. Overview of marine fisheries resources of the world and India. Potential marine fishery resources of the Indias EEZ.

Major exploited marine fisheries of India, their developmental history and present status. Important pelagic resources of India. 

Important demersal resources of India.- Deep sea fisheries resources 

Important shellfish and seaweed resources of India.

Traditional, motorized and mechanized fisheries according to major gears. GIS and Remote sensing in marine capture fishery. Marine Fisheries Resource conservation

THEORY

Water as a biological medium. Gas exchange; Muscle physiology;

Circulation; Excretion; Osmoregulation; Sense organs 

Energy and nutrient status of food; Nitrogen balance; Standard and active metabolism; Energy utilization; 

Reproductive physiology, Structure and functions of important endocrine glands.

Effect of environmental factors on physiology of fin and shellfishes. Stress related physiological changes. 

THEORY

Water as a biological medium. Gas exchange; Muscle physiology;

Circulation; Excretion; Osmoregulation; Sense organs 

Reproductive physiology, Structure and functions of important endocrine glands.

Effect of environmental factors on physiology of fin and shellfishes. Stress related physiological changes. 

THEORY

The concept of population and unit stock.  Biological structure of fisheries resource in space and time.  Indicators of dynamics in a fishery resource. Characteristics of unit and mixed stock. Data requirements for stock assessment.  Segregation of stocks. Principles of stock assessment.  

Population age structure. Theory of life tables.  Von Bertalanffy growth parameters.  Graphical models.  

Yield models. Analytical models of fish stock. The concept of yield, yield in number and yield in weight, yield per recruit, yield curve.  Eumetric fishing. The concept of Maximum Sustainable Yield and Maximum Economic Yield.  

Monte Carlo simulation model and ECO PATH model. - Open access fisheries.  Biological symptoms of under fishing and over fishing.  Growth over fishing and recruitment over fishing. Fisheries regulations.  

THEORY

The concept of population and unit stock.  Biological structure of fisheries resource in space and time.  Indicators of dynamics in a fishery resource. Characteristics of unit and mixed stock. Data requirements for stock assessment.  Segregation of stocks. Principles of stock assessment.

Population age structure. Theory of life tables.  Von Bertalanffy growth parameters.  Graphical models

Estimation of total, fishing and natural mortality. Trawl selection and gillnet selection. CPUE. 

Yield models. Analytical models of fish stock. The concept of yield, yield in number and yield in weight, yield per recruit, yield curve.  Eumetric fishing. The concept of Maximum Sustainable Yield and Maximum Economic Yield.  

Monte Carlo simulation model and ECO PATH model. - Open access fisheries.  Biological symptoms of under fishing and over fishing.  Growth over fishing and recruitment over fishing. Fisheries regulations.