THEORY

Concept of demand, Law and determinants of demand, Demand elasticities, Price, income and cross elasticities of demand. Supply – Supply concepts, Law, determinants of supply, cob web theorem, shifts in demand and supply.

Theory of consumer behaviour – Cardinal and ordinal utility – Law of Diminishing marginal utility – Indifference curve theory – Revealed preference theory – consumer surplus.

Theory of cost - Analysis of economies of scale, Production function, Theory of production – factors of production – production function analysis.

Theory of product pricing, cost and cost curves, Revenue and revenue curves – objectives of business firms, profit maximization, Equilibrium of a firm, TR and TC approach, Market and market structure, Types of factor and product markets, price discrimination.

Welfare Economics, Theory of factor pricing – Distribution, Rent, wages, Interest, Profit, Welfare economics. 

THEORY

Macroeconomics: National Income Accounting – definition and concepts of NI, different components of national Income - Determination of national income.

Classical Theory of income and employment, Keynes theory of employment, Theories of consumption – consumption function – Investment function – concepts of multiplier and accelerator. 

Consumption function, Multiplier, Inducement to invest and marginal efficiency of capital, Classical theory of output and employment – Keynesian theory of income, output and employment

IS-Lm Curve Model, Aggregate Demand, Aggregate Supply, Unemployment and Full Employment, ISLM model – Hicks Hansen synthesis.  

Inflation – causes and control measures - Business cycle – Money, banking and public finance – Nature and functions of money – Balance of payment.

Money Supply and its determinants -Fiscal and Monetary policy, Public revenue and taxation, Foreign Exchange – trade policies  – economic growth

THEORY

Macroeconomics: National Income Accounting – definition and concepts of NI, different components of national Income - Determination of national income.

Classical Theory of income and employment, Keynes theory of employment, Theories of consumption – consumption function – Investment function – concepts of multiplier and accelerator. 

Consumption function, Multiplier, Inducement to invest and marginal efficiency of capital, Classical theory of output and employment – Keynesian theory of income, output and employment

IS-Lm Curve Model, Aggregate Demand, Aggregate Supply, Unemployment and Full Employment, ISLM model – Hicks Hansen synthesis.  

Inflation – causes and control measures - Business cycle – Money, banking and public finance – Nature and functions of money – Balance of payment.

Money Supply and its determinants -Fiscal and Monetary policy, Public revenue and taxation, Foreign Exchange – trade policies  – economic growth

THEORY

Introduction – Aquaculture production process –  Factors affecting the economics of aquaculture.  

Production concepts applied to aquaculture – Cost concepts and cost functions – Returns concepts.

Least-cost combination of inputs. 

Optimization of aquaculture production

Planning and budgeting – Linear programming – Economies of scale – Production function analysis. 

Management of aquaculture production process – Aquaculture management decisions – Resource management – Labour and personnel management – Financial management. 

Management of risk and uncertainty in aquaculture – Economics of different aquaculture systems – Socioeconomic issues in aquaculture development. 

THEORY

Marine fishery resources of India – Status and prospects. 

Production  function in marine capture fisheries – Appropriate form of production function for marine capture fisheries – Fish catch and fishing effort and its dimensions – catch per unit effort – Methodological  issues in the estimation of fish catch and fishing effort.

Fishing costs and returns – Estimation of economics of marine capture  fisheries – Methodological issues in the estimation of costs and returns in marine capture fisheries – Methodological issues in the estimation of the economic analysis of marine capture fisheries.

Sustainable yield – sustainable yield curves – over fishing and under fishing – The problem of overfishing.

Basic economic model of a fishery - Open access equilibrium yield – Maximum economic yield – Maximum  social yield – Resource Rent – consequences of free and open access fishery - Changes in the open access equilibrium position of a fishery  due to change in fishing costs, price of fish and fish productivity.

Fisheries Regulations – Imperative need for the regulation of marine fisheries in India – Need for and types of fishery regulations – possible objectives of fisheries regulations – Fisheries regulations followed in the maritime states of India – Choice of and economics  aspects of fisheries regulations – Fisheries enforcement.

Fisheries Management – objectives, Techniques and criteria for fisheries management – Basic options for fisheries  management – Formulation and Implementation of management measures. 

THEORY

Marketing management - Introduction and overview. Marketing system and environment Market opportunity identification- Customer analysis. Market segmentation, market positioning and consumer behaviour, Competition analysis, Market assessment, Marketing environment.

Demand assessment and forecasting, Designing the offer-product decision and pricing decision, product decision and strategies, product life cycle, new product development, branding and packaging decisions, Delivering the offer- distribution management, sales management and communication strategy management – Salesmanship.

Product management. Pricing policies and practices. Distribution strategy - channels of distribution, physical distribution.

Marketing information system. Marketing communication - advertising, publicity, personal selling, sales promotion.

Marketing research and information system, Marketing research and its application in fisheries marketing strategy, planning and organisation, emerging issues in marketing, e-marketing.

THEORY

Ecology and economics - principles of environmental economics – public goods, club goods and theory of common property - property rights and ownership incentives - substitution between capital and natural resources - environmental externalities - poverty, development and environment – environment and trade - concept and practice of sustainability.

Market and non-market valuation of natural resources - measurement of environmental harm and benefit - contingent valuation - difficulties in application of a supply/demand or benefit/cost framework - application of a cost-effectiveness or cost-minimization framework. Criteria for evaluating  environmental policies – market based / incentive based strategies like emission taxes and subsidies, transferable discharge permits - polluter pays principle. Kyoto Protocol, carbon trading, CDM and GEF.  

Concept and principles of EIA; methodologies for EIA in fisheries and aquaculture sector; Institutional (International/National/Stale/Local) arrangements and strategies for estimation, amelioration and compensation for impacts; Aquaculture Authority Bill and AAI. Environment related conflicts and dispute resolution; Coasian theorem and stakeholder decision making process. Economic theory of fish resource exploitation – absent property rights in fisheries sector - common property resource use and management.  

THEORY

Concept, scope and definition of project - difference between plan and project – project types - advantages and limitations – elements of project cycle - aspects of project preparation and analysis - project cost and benefits – comparisons – tangible and intangible cost and benefits; Social cost benefit analysis – concepts.

Financial and economic aspects of projects: feasibility analysis – undiscounted measures of project worth - ranking by inspection, pay back period, average annual proceeds per unit of outlay - time value of money - discounted measures – discounted pay back period, derivation of incremental net benefit, net present worth, BC ratio, IRR, net benefit investment ratio, project alternatives - risk and uncertainties – sensitivity analysis. Farm planning, budgeting – complete and partial budgeting – farm business analysis and appraisal techniques – ratio analysis, asset valuation and depreciation. Financial analysis-balance sheet, cash flow analysis, profit loss statements.

Guidelines for project preparation report – objective, rational, area, organization, production, markets and financial results, benefits. Sources of institutional assistance for project preparation and formulation – bilateral and multilateral assistance. Project implementation – objective and tasks, economic aspects of project evaluation. Project management – management technique – bar chart, milestone chart, activity slack bar chart, PERT, CPM, inventory management and control, management information system and project monitoring.

THEORY

Overview of Financial management, Financial systems, Financial statements, taxes and cash flow, Analysing financial performance, Break even analysis and leverage, Time value of money, valuation bonds and stocks, Risk and return, Capital budgeting, techniques of capital budgeting, Cost of capital, Sources of long term finance, Dividend decisions, Debt analysis and management, Leasing hire purchase and project finance, Inventory management, Working capital management,, merger, acquisitions and restructuring Stock exchange, Mutual fund ,Banking systems.

Accounting: Theoretical concept of accounting, Meaning and scope of accounting, accounting principles, journalising transactions, ledger posting and trial balance, negotiable instruments, Final accounts, Depreciation provisions and reserves, single entry systems double entry system, inventory valuation, joint stock company, shares and capital, debentures, management accounting: nature and scope, financial statements analysis and interpretation, ratio analysis, classification of ratios, fund flow and cash flow statements.

THEORY

Econometrics Introduction relationship with other disciplines Matrix algebra,

Assumptions in the classical linear regression model; Consequences of multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity, autocorrelation and remedial measures 

Econometric model specification criteria, specification errors, measurement errors of dependent and explanatory variables, Different model specification criteria

Time series econometric models, Basic ideas in fitting non-linear regression models.

THEORY

Elements of scientific method, Research - purpose, relevance and scope; Generalization and transferability of research data, Objectivity and value neutrality in scientific research, ethical dilemmas in research.

Types of research - basic, applied, strategic, anticipatory and adaptive research, historical, descriptive and experimental research, Qualitative and quantitative research methods, Experimental and ex-post facto approaches, survey research, action research, participatory research, case study method, content analysis.

Steps involved in research process, Identifying and defining researchable problems, Formulation of research objectives, Hypothesis - meaning, types, development of hypothesis and its testing, Constructs, Nature and type of variables, Types and levels of measurement, Types of reliability and validity and their measurement.

Methods of observation and data collection for biological and social sciences research, Selection of appropriate tools for analysis of biological and social sciences research data.

Formats of research report - writing thesis/dissertation, research articles - abstracts, literature review, materials and methods, results and discussion, summary and references.

THEORY

Sampling distribution for mean and proportion, standard error, confidence interval for mean and proportion; Test of hypothesis: type I and type II errors, level of significance, tests based on Z, t, X2 and F distribution

Properties of estimators: unbiasedness, efficiency, sufficiency and consistency.

Simple correlation and regression, Spearman’s rank correlation.

Basic concepts of sampling techniques: simple random, stratified, systematic, cluster and two stage sampling and their applications in fisheries

Analysis of variance: one way and two way classification; Non-parametric test, advantages and disadvantages over parametric tests; Run test and Sign test.

THEORY

Categorization of different freshwater fisheries resources: Ponds, lakes, bheels, tanks, estuaries, brackish water lagoons, wetlands, biosphere reserves and mangroves and derelict water bodies their problems and management aspects.

Bheel fisheries resources of India: Open and closed bheels, productivity conditions, Capture scenario, prospects of culture based systems. 

Riverine fisheries resources: Present trend of dwindling fisheries resources, direct and Indirect effects of human intervention in rivers, habitat modification and improvement (rehabilitation of channels and flood plains), protection and restoration of fish movements (different types of fish passes and enhancement of fish migration), management and repair of riverine vegetation, stock enhancement strategies like introduction of new species, pre- and post- stocking management, potential risk of stocking.

Cold water fisheries of India: Present trends, problems due to habitat destruction, management aspects, prospects of sports fisheries in India.

Reservoir Fisheries: Classification of reservoirs, present productivity levels, management practices.

Estuarine fisheries: classification of estuaries- present productivity levelpotential; Problem – management practices.

Assessment of carrying capacity of different inland water bodies; Water budgeting. Community participation in fishery resource management. 

THEORY

Major fishing nation of the world, major fishing regions, present trend of marine capture fisheries.

Important finfish and shellfish resources in demersal and pelagic systems; conservation strategies.

Principles of management of fisheries resources objectives of management, issues and challenges of managing multi-gear fisheries.

Mud bank fishery- wedge bank fishery-Commonly used tools for input and output regulation.

Sustainability: Principles, social economic ecological biological and legal issues Fisheries co-management.

Marine Biodiversity of selected areas including coral reef conservation.

Fisheries and fishing methods in open waters: Inshore fisheries (up to 50 m depth), offshore fisheries (50-200 m depth) High sea fisheries (beyond 200m) up to outer limit of EEZ and in International waters. 

THEORY

Biology of selected endangered species of sponges, corals, gastropods, bivalves, sea cucumbers, fishes, sea snakes, turtles, birds and marine mammals.

IUCN criteria –- Red List, Wild life protection act, International treaties and conventions, Marine Protected Areas, Sanctuaries and Biosphere reserves. Establishment of National marine parks, in situ and ex situ conservation.

Marine and Coastal Ecosystems – Overview; physico-chemical environment; ecological notions; plankton; benthos, mangroves; sea grasses and corals.

Human impact on ecosystem.

Marine biodiversity: threats, planning and management, tools for conservation.

THEORY

Stock concept.

Estimation of growth parameters and mortality rates.

Virtual population methods.

Gear selectivity. Sampling of commercial catches.

Yield per recruit model.

Surplus production model. Swept area method - Box model.

Stock recruitment relationship – Stochastic model – estimation of technical reference point MSY and other yield base reference point.

THEORY

Basic terms and concepts; Electromagnetic radiation and its properties, atmospheric interactions, target interactions.

Sensor platforms – boats, balloons, air-crafts and satellites, Sensor systems – global acquisition systems and sequential acquisition systems.

Environmental satellites – The Landsat series, NOAA and IRS; Digital image processing and interpretation.

Elements of GIS, Application of remote sensing and GIS to fisheries and aquaculture planning and development.

THEORY

Food of different types of fin and shell fishes.

Feeding types- filter feeders, carnivores, omnivores and their trophic levels. – Ontogenic changes in feeding- Forage theory- Mismatch hypothesis of Cushing.

Morphological and anatomical adaptation for feeding; feeding behavior of wild and cultured species.

Techniques in the analysis of gut contents and indices, digestion rates, food consumption rates etc.

Mode of reproduction: Asexual, hermaphroditism, protoandric, protogynic, sexual.

Reproductive cycles - Semalparity and iteroparity-maturation and spawning periodicity and maturity stages.

Factors influencing reproduction-Biotic and abiotic.

THEORY

Identification of stocks based on classical and modern taxonomical methods.

Classical taxonomy – morphometrics – meristics.

Modern taxonomical tools – Electrophoretic studies (muscle myogen, eyelens protein, enzyme pattern and serology), Karyotyping. 

Molecular markers – PCR, RAPD, RFLP, Microsatellites, mini satellites and Mitochondrial DNA, and their application in fish phylogenetic studies.

THEORY

Fisheries regulatory and developmental setup in Centre and States and their spheres of responsibility; need for fisheries management; regulatory, legal and enforcement regimes.

Monitoring, Control and Surveillance (MCS) systems for capture fisheries: definition; components; role in fisheries management; design considerations; operational procedures such as data collection, fisheries patrols, boarding, inspection procedures, verification of catches, verification of position, transshipment, Port State control and FAO “flagging arrangement” and fisheries prosecutions.

Regulatory and developmental issues concerning deep sea fishing – Guidelines for operation.

Indian deep sea fishing vessels in Indian EEZ. Maritimes Zones of India Act 1981 (Regulation of fishing by Foreign vessels). Draft Marine Fisheries Policy.

Marine fisheries legislations in various States of India; Land Reforms Act; Coastal Aquaculture legislations, (Environmental Protection Act, Biodiversity Act, Aquaculture Authority Act) regulations concerning  discharge of effluents in water bodies.

International Law of the Sea: Historical perspectives; international negotiations and settlements over open seas; conflict management; shared stocks.

Code of Conduct for Responsible Fishing.

THEORY

Taxonomy and phenology of freshwater microphytes and macrophytes; their importance in resource management.

Brackishwater flora – micro and macrophytes; their taxonomy, phenology and ecological importance and conservation practices.

Marine algal resources; Taxonomy, biodiversity, life history, ecological and economical importance and conservation techniques.

Seagrass resources; Taxonomy, biodiversity, life history, ecological and economical importance and conservation techniques.

Commercially important aquatic floral resources.- Agar-alginphytocolloids-food grade algal resource- other uses like pollution treatment, fodder, fertilizer production, etc.

THEORY

Identification of eggs and larvae of commercially important finfishes, crustaceans, molluscs and echinoderms.

Quantitative samplings of fish eggs and larvae; spatial and temporal distribution, dispersion of eggs and larvae in food webs, effect of environmental parameters on eggs and larvae.

Natural food of shell fish and finfish larvae from egg to adult (commercially important shellfishes and finfishes).

THEORY

Elements of scientific method; Research - purpose, relevance and scope; Generalization and transferability of research data; Objectivity and value neutrality in scientific research; ethical dilemmas in research. 

Types of research - basic, applied, strategic, anticipatory and adaptive research, historical, descriptive and experimental research,Qualitative and quantitative research methods,Experimental and ex-post facto approaches, survey research, action research, participatory research, case study method, content analysis.

Steps involved in research process, Identifying and defining researchable problems, Formulation of research objectives, Hypothesis - meaning, types, development of hypothesis and its testing, Constructs,Nature and type of variables,Types and levels of measurement,Types of reliability and validity and their measurement.

Methods of observation and data collection for biological and social sciences research, Selection of appropriate tools for analysis of biological and social sciences research data,

Formats of research report - writing thesis/dissertation, research articles - abstracts, literature review, materials and methods, results and discussion, summary and references.

THEORY

Sampling distribution for mean and proportion, standard error, confidence interval for mean and proportion; Test of hypothesis: type I and type II errors, level of significance, tests based on Z, t, X2 and F distribution. 

Properties of estimators: unbiasedness, efficiency, sufficiency and consistency.

Simple correlation and regression, Spearman’s rank correlation.

Basic concepts of sampling techniques: simple random, stratified, systematic, cluster and two stage sampling and their applications in fisheries.

Analysis of variance: one way and two way classification; Non-parametric test, advantages and disadvantages over parametric tests; Run test and Sign test.

THEORY

Overview of fisheries and aquaculture sector in India and world; Special characteristics of fisheries sector and its stakeholders; Understanding extension education, research, and service; Overview of fisheries research, development and extension systems in India; Scope and importance of fisheries and aquaculture extension.

Critical review of philosophy, principles, concepts, and practices of fisheries extension systems and approaches; Teaching, learning and co learning; Epistemology of knowledge in fisheries – ITK vis-à-vis lab generated knowledge.

Fisheries extension – advantages and limitations of present welfare and subsidy oriented extension systems; Development and extension approaches as practiced by public agencies like Department of Fisheries, KVKs, Agricultural Technology Management Agency (ATMA), NGOs, FAO, Bay of Bengal Programme (BOBP-IGO), and by the private sector; and participatory fisheries extension approaches.

Aquaculture extension system - review of extension approach as practiced by DoF, FFDA, and BFDA, Market led extension approaches, Importance of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in fisheries extension system.

THEORY

Communication - meaning, process, theories and models, Traditional communication, Individual, group and mass communication, levels of communication, non-verbal communication, AV aids – selection and use.

Communicator - role of communicator in extension education, communicator’s behaviour, communication skills, fidelity of communication, communication competence and empathy, communication effectiveness and credibility, improving oral and written communication, message – meaning, dimensions, characteristics, treatment and effectiveness, distortion of message, simulation exercises, channels of communication – meaning, dimensions, classification, selection, efficiency, credibility, use, audience or receivers, feedback, communication behaviour, social network – homophily and heterophily.

Communicating with fishers and fish farmers, barriers in communication, communication and social change, futuristic shape of communication technologies.

Recent communication technologies – Internet based technologies, video and teleconferencing, computer assisted instructions, Information kiosks, Village Resource Centres, Community networks, WAN, MAN, AGRINEt, e-Governance, Cyber extension and e-learning.

THEORY

Participatory approaches for aquatic resources management and development: need, importance and guiding principles, Community mobilization methods - Farmer-First Approach, Trickle Down System –concept, method and processes, Knowledge Driven Extension System –concept and method.

Community based fisheries management and Fisheries co-management –concept, origin, importance, types, method, processes, stakeholder rights, responsibilities and participation, institutional mechanisms, implementation constraints, experiences from other countries, conflict resolution and management, Public-Private-Community Partnership.

Participatory Learning Approach (PLA) including role-plays, case studies, brainstorming, and ranking of priority issues, discovery-based experiential learning, participatory education methods like FGD, Participatory appraisal techniques - census mapping, resource mapping, social mapping, selection of participatory methods and their uses, Farmer Field Schools for Aquaculture.

THEORY

Human Resource Development – Concept and significance, Education, learning and training, Instructional design and educational technology, Theories of learning - radical behaviorism, cognitive, constructivism, training and development, Gender sensitive training.

Types of Training - Induction, on-the-job, off-the-job, in-service, customized, inception, trainers’, participatory, web-based, fishers/fish farmers’, farmer-led, vocational and echo-training, Training tools like TGroup,Fish bowl exercise, ice-breakers, team-building exercises endgames, workshop and write shop.

Preparation of Training Manuals- content writing, Training cycle - training need assessment, developing training objectives and outcome, developing training modules and lesson plan, logistic management and evaluation of training programme, follow-up and action plan.

Facilitating Community Mobilization Process - Perception of service delivery system, level of expertise and capacity amongst the community to facilitate such services, willingness of the community to match individual interests with community interest, facilitation of resources for mobilizing community, Promoting Public-Private-Community Participation.

THEORY

Elements of diffusion, diffusion research – history, typology, contributions and criticisms, generalizing diffusion via meta research, innovations in fisheries – innovation development process, socio-economic status, equality and innovation development, converting research into practice, Critique on Rogers’ innovation decision process, innovation attributes and adopter categories.

Opinion leadership – meaning, characteristics, types and their measurement, diffusion networks, social learning theory, Change agent –meaning, roles, factors of success, change agent contact, centralised and decentralised diffusion systems, innovation in organizations - contract farming – merits and demerits, consequences of innovations – model and classification, equality in the consequences, recent studies in innovation decision process.

THEORY

THEORY

Importance, principles and processes in developing extension programmes, planning for sustainable development, Economic Planning- types of planning, Planning strategies at various levels- Top down and bottom up approaches. Panchayati Raj institutions, Execution of various programmes, Plan allocation and performance of fisheries over the different plan-periods in India.

Project preparation and project appraisal in terms of social benefit analysis, shadow prices, Project Management Techniques - PERT and CPM, Logical Framework Approach (LFA), Stakeholder analysis, Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation (PROME), People’s participation in extension programmes, significance, importance and approaches.

Critical analysis of Agriculture, Fisheries and Rural Development Programmes, design, operation, institutional mechanism and socio-cultural and economic impact of programmes such as NREGA, labour market relations, Fisheries development vis-à-vis fisheries for development, Livelihood Frameworks.

THEORY

Concept of management: Definition, Management process (planning, organising, staffing, leading and controlling), Managerial levels and roles. Evolution of management theories: Scientific management school, Classical organization theory school, Behavioral school, Management science school.

Concept of Human Resource Management(HRM), Primary activities of HRM (staff, training and development, motivation, maintenance), HR process (HRP, recruitment, selection, socialization, training and development, performance appraisal, promotion, transfer, demotion, separation).

HR out sourcing, Understanding equal opportunity: Guarding against discriminatory practices, glass ceiling, Managing careers: Concept of career, individual and organizational perspective, career development versus employee development, internal, external events and career stages, mentoring and coaching.

Compensation dynamics: Contracts for compensation, efficiency wages, wage earning and sharing, ownership options, screening, signaling, designing of contract, types of rewards, job evaluation and establishing pay structure, executive, international and special compensation plans, employee benefits, safety and health programmes, labour relations and collective bargaining. Corporate social responsibility.

THEORY

Elements of scientific method, Research - purpose, relevance and scope, Generalization and transferability of research data, Objectivity and value neutrality in scientific research, ethical dilemmas in research. 

Types of research - basic, applied, strategic, anticipatory and adaptive research, historical, descriptive and experimental research, Qualitative and quantitative research methods, Experimental and ex-post facto approaches, survey research, action research, participatory research, case study method, content analysis.

Steps involved in research process, Identifying and defining researchable problems, Formulation of research objectives, Hypothesis - meaning, types, development of hypothesis and its testing, Constructs, Nature and type of variables, Types and levels of measurement, Types of reliability and validity and their measurement.

Methods of observation and data collection for biological and social sciences research, Selection of appropriate tools for analysis of biological and social sciences research data,

Formats of research report - writing thesis/dissertation, research articles - abstracts, literature review, materials and methods, results and discussion, summary and references.

THEORY

Sampling distribution for mean and proportion, standard error, confidence interval for mean and proportion, Test of hypothesis: type I and type II errors, level of significance, tests based on Z, t, X2 and F distribution. 

Properties of estimators: unbiasedness, efficiency, sufficiency and consistency.

Simple correlation and regression, Spearman’s rank correlation.

Basic concepts of sampling techniques: simple random, stratified, systematic, cluster and two stage sampling and their applications in fisheries.

Analysis of variance: one way and two way classification, Non-parametric test, advantages and disadvantages over parametric tests, Run test and Sign test.

THEORY

Fishing gear design – Conventional and current practice for the representation of fishing gear by scale drawing, The use of computers in the scale drawing of fishing gear to determine the defects in gear, design to develop new gears.

Selection of fishing gear, analysis of the parameters of specific fishing gears and the derivation of empirical relationships for use in the design process.

Design of bottom, mid-water and surface trawl, gill nets and tangle nets, types of gill nets-single-walled gill nets, framed gill nets tangle nets and their technical characteristics, two and three walled trammel nets, combined gill nets, traps – their classification and general principles of construction.

Design of stake nets, fyke nets, purse seine, hooks and lines, long lines and trolling gear.

Attraction of fish – fishing with electricity, Light fishing, fish pumps, operation and mechanization of long lining.

Factors to be considered in gill netting in selection of meshes for the different fishes. Aimed fishing using the modern electronic devices like echo sounder, Sonar and trawl eye.

The selectivity of trawl fishing gears, design of otter boards for various types of trawl fishing.

THEORY

Different types of fishing crafts-purse seiner, trawler, stern and side trawler, long liner, gill netter, etc, main differences in the method of construction and design, consideration regarding the speed and other fishing requirements. Deck layout and deck equipments of fishing vessels based on the fishing method, Planning internal capacities of fish hold, engine room, crew accommodation, fuel tanks and freshwater tanks.

Engine installation in fishing vessels, engine bearers for wooden boats, alignment of shaft, stern gear assembly, length of shafts, intermediate shafts, reverse and reduction gear assembly.

Principles of operating steering arrangement, remote control, mast and derrick arrangements, fish hold, - Rudder principles, helm – design details. Principal dimensions of a boat. Importance of shape of underwater hull, classification and description of hull forms based on shape and speed – length ratio.

Theory of waves, rolling, pitching and heaving, wall sides formula, resistance and motion – wave and eddy creating resistance, fluid resistance. Safety and stability aspects of fishing vessels – factors affecting stability, stability information to be carried on vessels, hydrostatic curves, and static stability curves and safety measures on fishing vessels.

Barnaby’s tables, speed length ratios, effects of wetted surfaces on speed, angle of entrance, parallel body, propeller action, types of propellers, design data, D/P values. Powering of fishing boats, different types of resistance and their calculations, power requirements of various types of fishing boats, auxiliary power, propulsive efficiency, type of propellers, and use of kort nozzle.

Rudder design and principles of operation, model test etc. Boat fastenings and fittings used in boat construction.

Biodeterioration of wood – marine fouling and boring organisms, preventive measures.

THEORY

Scope and objectives of FAO Code of conduct for Responsible Fisheries. Articles of CCRF-Description of the code.

Elaboration of Article 8-Fishing operations, By-catch and discards – Definitions, bycatch reduction devices, Turtle excluder devices, finfish and shrimp excluder devices.

Selective fishing gear and practices – Selectivity of trawls, gill nets and lines-Environmental friendly fishing – Energy conservation and resource enhancement.

Fish Aggregation devices (FADs) – Objectives and types of FADs. Design and construction of FADs.

Energy optimization in fisheries – methods of energy conservation in fish harvesting.

Application of Remote sensing and PFZ and GIS in fisheries.

Illegal, Unregulated and Unreported fishing methods (IUU), Destructive and prohibited fishing systems and practices.

THEORY

Principles of refrigeration – Vapour Compression system, Vapour adsorption system – Refrigeration cycle.

Application of Refrigeration in fisheries Refrigeration in sea food processing plant coefficient of Performance (CoP).

Types of freezers and their efficiency, Heat load calculations – Insulations. Frosting and defrosting in freezers and cold stores.

Types of freezers and their efficiency, Heat load calculations – Insulations. Frosting and defrosting in freezers and cold stores.

Sources of energy, General structure of electrical power systems, Power transmission and distribution via overhead lines and underground cables, Steam, Hydel, Gas and Nuclear power generation.

Principal and application of DC Networks, single phase AC Circuits, three phase AC circuits, magnetic, transformers, induction motor, DC Motors etc.

Electrical Measuring Instruments: DC PMMC instruments shunt and multipliers, multimeters, moving iron ammeters and voltmeters, dynamometer, wattmeter, AC watt-hour meter, extension of instrument  ranges.

THEORY

Engine characteristics – capacity of cylinders, IHP, BHP, FHP, BMEP, torque determinations, SFC values. IC engines – working cycles – Indicator diagrams – Performance number – Supercharging – Engine performance curves – Duel-fuel engines. Handling of IC engine and maintenances – Engine and boiler room arrangements – Steering gears – auxiliary engines – Heat exchangers – Propeller Shaft driver steam generators. 

Compression ratio and thermal efficiency, volumetric efficiency, mechanical efficiency different ratings – continuous, peak, intermittent. Feel and lubricant – Strokes – Cooling method – Running characteristics – Size weight – Power requirement.

Propulsion system – Combinations of engine, power transmission and propeller.

Function of main engine, friction, clutch, hydraulic coupling, gearbox, thrust, bearing, shafting, propeller.

Auxiliary machinery systems – Requirements of a winch, windlass, line and net hauler – estimation of their driving torque and power, Operation of a hydraulic steering gear, Rudder torque. Floating offshore structures – Diving underwater vehicles. Diving – Underwater vehicles. Estimation  grower requirement for various types of fishing – Efficiency group of fishing techniques – Resistance group of fishing methods – Computation of engine power.

THEORY

FAO classification of fishing vessels. Indigenous fishing boats of India – fishing boats of maritime states of India, fishing boats used in the inland and brackish waters, account of mechanized boats introduced in India. 

Personnel management, planning of fishing cruises. Fishing fleet capacity, fleet registration, fleet insurance, seaworthiness assessment, tonnage measurements.

Statutory rules and regulations under MSA, classified societies, manning regulations and requirements, regulations to prevent collisions at sea.

Classification and functions of fishing harbour. Facilities – waterside and landside facilities, services and utilities provided, layout of a modern fishing harbour, stages in the planning of fishing harbours. Dredging.  Economic evaluation on fishing harbour project.

Dry docks and slipway –.Fishing harbour management and maintenance.

THEORY

Theory of machines, mechanisms, transmission of power, friction wheels, toothed gears, belt drive.

Processing equipments on board the fishing vessels. Belt drivers, graders, deskinners, freezers, and canning machineries.

Study of fish meal plant equipments, freeze drying and dehydrating equipments.

Types of boilers and their auxiliary equipments used in fish processing industries.

Twin screw extruders, driers, grading two filtering machines, Packing machines–Equipment Maintenance and safety.

THEORY

Basic principles of acoustic fish detection. Acoustic surveys, acoustic equipments used in fishing.

Echo sounder – major components, specifications and uses, Sonar – specifications, types, instruments used for evaluation of underwater gear performance.

Global positioning system (GPS), vessel monitoring systems (VMS), communication systems – VHF, SSB, Immarsat system, safety devices – SART, EPIRB, GMDSS.

Navigation – types, navigational equipments, RADAR, Radio direction finder, Decca, LORAN, OMEGA, Autopilot, Fixing of vessel position, Navigational charts, Satellite, Navigator - Navigation and fishing lights, distress signals, Rules of the Road.

Ship and its main parts, ropes – their types, handling, strength and preservation, knots and splices, measurement of speed, maintenance of log sheet, anchoring mooring, steering, rolling and pitching, Morse code, accidents, marine compass and its uses, sextant, chart reading positions – simple position lines.

THEORY

Elements of scientific method, Research - purpose, relevance and scope, Generalization and transferability of research data, Objectivity and value neutrality in scientific research, ethical dilemmas in research. 

Types of research - basic, applied, strategic, anticipatory and adaptive research, historical, descriptive and experimental research, Qualitative and quantitative research methods, Experimental and ex-post facto approaches, survey research, action research, participatory research, case study method, content analysis.

Steps involved in research process, Identifying and defining researchable problems, Formulation of research objectives, Hypothesis - meaning, types, development of hypothesis and its testing, Constructs, Nature and type of variables, Types and levels of measurement, Types of reliability and validity and their measurement.

Methods of observation and data collection for biological and social sciences research, Selection of appropriate tools for analysis of biological and social sciences research data,

Formats of research report - writing thesis/dissertation, research articles - abstracts, literature review, materials and methods, results and discussion, summary and references.

THEORY

Sampling distribution for mean and proportion, standard error, confidence interval for mean and proportion, Test of hypothesis: type I and type II errors, level of significance, tests based on Z, t, X2 and F distribution. 

Properties of estimators: unbiasedness, efficiency, sufficiency and consistency.

Simple correlation and regression, Spearman’s rank correlation.

Basic concepts of sampling techniques: simple random, stratified, systematic, cluster and two stage sampling and their applications in fisheries.

Analysis of variance: one way and two way classification, Non-parametric test, advantages and disadvantages over parametric tests, Run test and Sign test.

THEORY

Fish quality – intrinsic and extrinsic factors, post-mortem changes in fish - rigor mortis, glycolysis, nucleotide breakdown, NPN degradation, protein degradation, aminoacid decarboxylation. Fish quality assessment - sensory – scales, grades, scores, taste panel, physical – water activity, pH, torrymeter, fish tester, biochemical – trimethyl amine (TMA), total volatile bases (TVB), ammonia, hypoxanthine (Hx), K-value, indole, formaldehyde, biogenic amines, fat degradation – hydrolytic and oxidative changes, antioxidants, pro-oxidants. Lipid quality assessment – free fatty acids (FFA), peroxide value (PV), thiobarbituric acid (TBA). Microbiological – total aerobic bacteria, specific spoilage organism (SSO), faecal indicator organisms – coliforms, E. coli, fecal streptococci, personal hygiene indicator organisms – Staphylococcus aureus, anaerobic sulphite reducing bacteria, total lactics.

THEORY

Introduction, foodborne diseases of chemical etiology, types of chemicals involved in chemical hazards. Additives – intentional and unintentional, intentional – phosphates, citrates, sulfites, benzoates, borates, sorbates, tetracyclines, unintentional – heavy metals – mercury, cadmium, arsenic, lead, selenium, pesticides – organochlorine compounds, organophosphorus compounds, carbamates, dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), herbicides, fungicides, insecticides. Antimicrobials- antibiotics- beta lactams, tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, macrolides, sulfanomides, nitofurans, chloramphenicols. Hydrocarbons – benzopyrene, radioisotopes. Biogenic amines – histamine, cadaverine, putrescine. Natural toxins – shellfish toxins – paralytic shellfish poisoning, diaheretic shellfish poisoning, venerupin shellfish poisoning, amnesic shellfish poisoning, neurotic shellfish poisoning and erythematous shellfish poisoning. Finfish toxins – puffer fish poisoning and ciguatera poisoning – occurrence, importance, toxicological and prevention of chemical hazards. Mycotoxins- occurrence and prevention. Safety standards and maximum residue limits (MRLs). 

THEORY

Bacterial hazards – Salmonella, Vibrio cholerae, Listeria monocytogenes, Clostridium botulinum - occurrence, pathogenicity and prevention, V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus, C. perfringens, Shigella, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Bacterial pathogens growth and inactivation. Fungal hazards –epizootic ulcerative syndrome – importance, occurrence, toxicology and prevention. Viral hazards – enteroviruses - infectious hepatitis, polio myletis, Norwalk virus, white spot syndrome virus, yellow head virus – occurrence, importance, pathogenicity and control. Parasitic hazards – trematodes, nematodes, cestodes, myxosporidians, copepods – occurrence and pathogenicity. FDA safety standards.

THEORY

Centrifugation – principles and application. Spectroscopy – colorimeter, UV-Vis. spectrophotometer, spectrofluorometer, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, infrared (IR) spectroscopy, atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), mass spectrometry (MS), inductively coupled plasma (ICP) analyser- principles and application. Chromatography – paper, thin layer, liquid and gas chromatography, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) – principles and application. Electrophoresis – polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, SDS-PAGE, isoelectric focusing, agarose gel electrophoresis, immunoelectrophoresis - principles and application. Colour and texture analyzers – principles and application.

THEORY

Fish preservation methods – Chilling - icing (water ice, dry ice, gel ice), CSW, RSW, quality defects in chilled fish. Freezing – principle, types of freezing – plate, air blast, cryogenic, quality defects in frozen fish. Irradiation – principles and quality defects. Modern packaging methods – vacuum packaging, modified atmospheric packaging and their quality problems. Fish processing methods – Curing – drying, salting, smoking, freeze-drying, their principles, quality defects in cured fish. Canning – principle and quality defects, retortable pouch processing. Fermentation – principle and quality defects. Microwave heating- principle and quality problems. Value added fishery products – fish protein concentrate, fish pickles, fish wafers, minced fish and surimi based products, seafood analogs, extruded products, breaded and battered products, fish ham and sausage, quality defects in value added products.

THEORY

Fish quality control – Definitions, objectives – quality assurance. Inspection and certification systems – objectives, methods and process- QCIA, IPQC, Self certification, end product inspection, voluntary inspection. Fish quality assurance. Standards – national- Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS), Export inspection agency (EIA), international – Codex Alimentarius Commission of FAO, USFDA, EU hygienic regulations, ICMSF, ISO 9000 standards, ISO 14000 standards, ISO 22000 standards, WHO standards. HACCP concept – principles, seafood hazard categories – applications, CCP decision tree, HACCP audit. Integrated food safety laws of India 2006 – Food Safety and Standards Authority of India.  

THEORY

Cleaning – cleaners – types, properties, mechanism of action, cleaning schedule. Sanitizers – chlorine compounds, iodophors, ozone, UV radiation, properties and mechanism of action. Sanitary schedule – sanitary standard operating procedures (SSOP), sanitary control procedure (SCP). Sanitary practices in on-board and in-shore. Plant sanitation and hygiene – personnel, plant hygiene and pest control, good hygienic practices (GHP). Food hygiene law and food safety regulations. Design and construction of ideal fish processing plant. Water quality – standards, treatment of water, waste disposal – solid and liquid wastes. Effluent treatment plant (ETP) – primary, secondary, tertiary. Utilization of liquid and solid wastes – aquaculture and agriculture.  

THEORY

Elements of scientific method, Research - purpose, relevance and scope, Generalization and transferability of research data, Objectivity and value neutrality in scientific research, ethical dilemmas in research. 

Types of research - basic, applied, strategic, anticipatory and adaptive research, historical, descriptive and experimental research, Qualitative and quantitative research methods, Experimental and ex-post facto approaches, survey research, action research, participatory research, case study method, content analysis.

Steps involved in research process, Identifying and defining researchable problems, Formulation of research objectives, Hypothesis - meaning, types, development of hypothesis and its testing, Constructs, Nature and type of variables, Types and levels of measurement, Types of reliability and validity and their measurement.

Methods of observation and data collection for biological and social sciences research, Selection of appropriate tools for analysis of biological and social sciences research data,

Formats of research report - writing thesis/dissertation, research articles - abstracts, literature review, materials and methods, results and discussion, summary and references.

THEORY

Sampling distribution for mean and proportion, standard error, confidence interval for mean and proportion, Test of hypothesis: type I and type II errors, level of significance, tests based on Z, t, X2 and F distribution. 

Properties of estimators: unbiasedness, efficiency, sufficiency and consistency.

Simple correlation and regression, Spearman’s rank correlation.

Basic concepts of sampling techniques: simple random, stratified, systematic, cluster and two stage sampling and their applications in fisheries.

Analysis of variance: one way and two way classification, Non-parametric test, advantages and disadvantages over parametric tests, Run test and Sign test.

THEORY

Present scenario and problems: Trends in global and Indian aquaculture, different farming systems, intensive systems and constraints - environmental degradation and disease outbreaks.

Sustainability and development: Systems approach and its application in aquaculture with special reference to resource-poor systems, Role of aquatic resources in food and nutrition, Aquatic resource and livelihood systems.

Environmental issues: Exotic species introduction, escapement, contamination of indigenous gene pool, salinization of soil and water, environmental impact, over exploitation of wild stocks, mangrove deforestation.

Socio-economic issues: Conflicts over water and land use, conflicts of interest between aqua farmers and fishermen, resistance from local public, anti-dumping duties.

Strategies for sustainability: Sustainability concept, food security, biosecurity, organic farming, integrated farming, responsible aquaculture, rotational aquaculture, bioremediation, role of biotechnology, traceability. Application of renewable energy in aquaculture - solar energy, wind, and tidal energy, Seed certification, Sustainable use of antibiotics.

Economic viability: export vs. domestic marketing, value addition.

Guiding principles to sustainable aquaculture development: Coastal Aquaculture Guidelines Source Book, FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries, Holmenskollen Guidelines for Sustainable Aquaculture.

THEORY

Soil and water interaction: Physical and chemical properties of soil and water, Productivity vs nutrient quality and quantity of soil and water, aquatic microorganisms and their role in carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulphur cycles and impact on aquatic habitats and species.

Soil and water quality monitoring: soil and water quality standards, soil and water quality monitoring and management.

Fertilizers and manures: Different kinds of fertilizers and manures, fertilizer grade, source, rate and frequency of application, Biofertilizers, Use of treated sewage for pond fertilization, Ecological changes taking place after fertilizing, Primary production, degradation of molecules in aquatic environment, Utilization of bioactive compounds by microorganisms.

Soil and water quality management: Cat clay/pyrite soil, seepage, water treatment, water filtration devices, aeration, chlorination, ozonization and UV radiation, Algal bloom control, eutrophication, Aquatic weed management, Waste water treatment practices, Water quality management in hatcheries, Waste discharge standards, Role of microorganisms in fish production, fish health and fish safety, Microbial load and algal blooms.

THEORY

Fish nutrition: Principles of fish nutrition and terminologies, nutritional requirements of cultivable finfish and shellfish: larvae, juveniles and adults.

Nutritional biochemistry: Classification, nutrient quality and evaluation of proteins, lipids and carbohydrates.

Role of nutrients: amino acids, fatty acids, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals.

Nutritional bioenergetics: Fish as an open thermodynamic system, Energy requirement of fishes, protein to energy ratio, digestible energy, nitrogen balance index, protein sparing effect, high energy feeds, isocaloric diets, Optimal foraging theory, Mathematical modeling of ingestion, Metabolic rate, Energy budgets, Energetic efficiency of fish production.

Nutritional physiology: Digestion, accretions and nutrient flow, Factors affecting digestibility.

Nutritional pathology: Antinutritional factors and antimetabolites, microbial toxins, methods of elimination, nutrient deficiency and symptoms.

Feed Resources: Nutritional value of feed ingredients and live feed, Contribution from natural food to nutrient requirements of fish, Feed additives (attractants, growth stimulants and probiotics and binders), and Feed resources assessment.

THEORY

Basics of fish and shellfish health management: Host-pathogen-environment relationship, Management of culture systems, Environmental stress.

Defence system in fish and shellfish: Defence systems in fish, innate and acquired immunity, inflammation response to diseases. Antibody and cell mediated immunity in fish and shellfish.

Parasitic and mycotic diseases: General characteristics, Epizootiology, Diagnosis, Life cycle, Prevention and treatment.

Infectious bacterial and viral diseases: General characteristics, Epizootiology, Diagnosis, Prevention and treatment.

Non-infectious Diseases: Nutritional diseases, water, soil, environmental parameters and their effects on fish health. Disease in hatcheries and growout systems.

Techniques in health management: Microbiological, haematological, histopathological, immunological and molecular techniques. Disease surveillance and reporting.

Disease control and management: Environment management, chemotherapeutic agents, host management, prophylaxis- vaccines, adjuvants, immunostimulants and probiotics. Use and abuse of antibiotics and chemicals in health management. Fish health and quarantine systems. Seed certification, SPF and SPR stocks - development and applications.

THEORY

Introduction: History, constraints and current status of natural seed collection and hatchery seed production.

Reproductive biology: Physiology and morphology, Molecular and physiological basis of reproduction, Overview of current developments in reproductive biology.

Gamete maturation and development: Spermatogenesis and oogenesis, Hormonal pathways and mode of control.

Environmental and endocrine control of reproduction: Reproductive cycles, Seasonality (Photoperiod, change in water quality and quantity, temperature, lunar cycle, etc.), Environmental and exogenous hormonal stimuli. 

Induced spawning: Methods of natural and artificial fertilization, GnRH and Linpe models, evaluation of milt and egg, cryopreservation technique, use of different synthetic hormones and analogues for induced spawning, Egg staging, Stripping and fertilization.

Hatchery technology for different species: Indian major and minor carps, Exotic carps, Catfishes, Tilapia, Masheer, Trout, etc.

Marine fish seed production: Seabass, milkfish, mullets, sea breams, rabbitfish, grouper, yellowtail, eel, cobia, etc.

THEORY

Introduction: An overview of the status of coastal aquaculture, Present trend and scope in India

Different farming systems: Cage and pen culture – type, site selection, construction, specifications for different species, Raft and rack culture – site selection, design and construction.

Important cultivable finfishes: Distribution, biology, seed collection, nursery rearing, culture techniques, problems and prospects (seabass, milkfish, mullets, pearlspot, sea breams, rabbitfish, grouper, yellowtail, eel, cobia, salmon, flatfish).

Culture of marine molluscs and echinoderms: Present status and scope in India, Species cultured (mussels, oysters, pearl oysters, scallops, clams, cockles, abalones, sea cucumber) distribution, biology, practices followed in India, farming methods - off-bottom and on-bottom culture, Problems and prospects.

Culture of crustaceans: Shrimp farming: systems of farming – extensive, semi-intensive and intensive, site selection, infrastructure requirement, design and construction of culture systems, pond preparation, stocking, feed and water quality management, disease prevention and treatment, harvesting and handling, freshwater farming of tiger shrimp, shrimp farming in undrainable ponds, low and zero water exchange systems, Mud crab fattening, production of soft-shell crabs, Lobster culture, Crayfish culture. 

Seaweed culture: Major seaweed species of commercial importance, methods of culture, farming of agar, algin, carrageenan yielding species, emerging trends in their farming in open seas, Integration with other farming systems.

THEORY

Larval nutrition: Larval stages, nutritional requirements of fish and shellfish larvae, quality requirements of larval feeds (particle size, digestibility), natural food and its importance in aquaculture, nutritional quality of commonly used fish food organisms, bioenrichment, biofilm/periphyton and its use, culture of single cell proteins and their nutritional quality, formulation and preparation of artificial feeds for larval rearing, microparticulate diets.

Fish food organisms: Bacterioplankton, phytoplankton and zooplankton and their role in larval nutrition.

Mass culture techniques: Methods of collection, maintenance and rearing of fish food organisms, Different media used in culture, Mass culture of fish food organisms and their application in hatcheries, culture of important microalgae, rotifers, artemia, cladocerans, copepods, oligochaetes, nematodes and insect larvae.

Bio-encapsulation techniques, Use of immunostimulants and probiotics in larval rearing, safety concerns in handling live feeds. 

THEORY

Elements of scientific method, Research - purpose, relevance and scope, Generalization and transferability of research data, Objectivity and value neutrality in scientific research, ethical dilemmas in research. 

Types of research - basic, applied, strategic, anticipatory and adaptive research, historical, descriptive and experimental research, Qualitative and quantitative research methods, Experimental and ex-post facto approaches, survey research, action research, participatory research, case study method, content analysis.

Steps involved in research process, Identifying and defining researchable problems, Formulation of research objectives, Hypothesis - meaning, types, development of hypothesis and its testing, Constructs, Nature and type of variables, Types and levels of measurement, Types of reliability and validity and their measurement.

Methods of observation and data collection for biological and social sciences research, Selection of appropriate tools for analysis of biological and social sciences research data,

Formats of research report - writing thesis/dissertation, research articles - abstracts, literature review, materials and methods, results and discussion, summary and references.

THEORY

Sampling distribution for mean and proportion, standard error, confidence interval for mean and proportion, Test of hypothesis: type I and type II errors, level of significance, tests based on Z, t, X2 and F distribution. 

Properties of estimators: unbiasedness, efficiency, sufficiency and consistency1

Simple correlation and regression, Spearman’s rank correlation.

Basic concepts of sampling techniques: simple random, stratified, systematic, cluster and two stage sampling and their applications in fisheries.

Analysis of variance: one way and two way classification, Non-parametric test, advantages and disadvantages over parametric tests, Run test and Sign test.

THEORY

Concepts in aquatic environment: Aquatic environment/ecosystem – components-structure and functions, Ecological concepts – succession, homeostasis, natality and mortality, r and k selection, Concepts of habitat and ecological niche, carrying capacity.

Environmental concerns: Environmental concerns – population explosion, industrialization, urbanization, and natural calamities, Overexploitation of resources, Environmental stresses, Global Warming, Ozone Depletion.

Biodiversity: Biodiversity – Definition and concept, Factors influencing aquatic biodiversity, Types of biodiversity - Species diversity in different ecosystems, Genetic Diversity, and Habitat Diversity, Biodiversity indices and their significance, Concepts of Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI), Economic appraisal of biodiversity, Global diversity patterns and loss of biodiversity.

THEORY

Types: Categorization of different limnetic fisheries resources - lacustrine, riverine and coldwater systems, Wetlands, Floodplain wetlands, swamps - characteristics, flora and fauna.

Characteristics: Physical and chemical characteristics of limnetic environment and its relationship with the organisms, influence on metabolism, behavior and orientation of animals, Biological productivity in relation to fishery potential, Trophic relationships in the wetland ecosystem - nutrient production, and transport, Trophic succession, Dynamics of lentic and lotic systems, Water budgeting in limnetic ecosystems.

Conservation and Management: Functions of wetlands, Habitat degradation- causative factors and controlling/management measures, Destruction of wetlands - causes and consequences, Restoration, conservation and management of wetlands, Resource enhancement, Management of water bodies for economy-driven activities, Management through Biomanipulation studies- top-down and Bottom-up methods, Integrated Environment Management (IEM) Programme-involvement of human element, River continuum concept and new paradigm shift, River linking, International conventions - Ramsar, Environmental laws and regulations, Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI), modeling studies, Wetland mapping using remote sensing, Geographical Information System (GIS)- Definition, Concepts and application.

THEORY

Plankton diversity and productivity: Classifications of plankton, Primary and secondary production - estimation, significance, affecting factors, Production - biomass (P/B ratio), Indices of productivity, Community interrelationships.

Ecology of phytoplankton: Phytoplankton (freshwater and marine) - methods of  assessment, spatial and temporal variations, succession, diversity, Nanoplankton, Algal blooms, Role in carbon sequestration.

Ecology and life history of zooplankton: Zooplankton (freshwater and marine) – ecology of the major taxa, their food and feeding, reproduction of important zooplankton, life history stages, swarms, Indicator species, Predator-prey relationship, Impact of grazing in the aquatic ecosystem, Vertical migration of zooplankton, Larval ecology of benthic invertebrates.

Sampling and preservation techniques: Plankton nets and recorders, catching efficiency  of various nets; Plankton fixatives and preservatives.

THEORY

Cell structure and function: Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell structure, cell membrane, cell wall, proteins, nucleic acids - structure, properties and interactions, microbial growth.

Distribution and classification: Microbial community in freshwater, estuary and marine environment (types and abundance). Microbial dependency on physical, chemical and biological factors of the environment; Classification of aquatic microorganisms, Microbes in extreme environments and their significance - thermophiles, psychrophiles, halophiles and barophiles.

Microbial interaction with matter: Microbial interaction - role of microbial population on the biogeochemical cycles (C, N, P, S, Si and Fe), Xenobiotic and inorganic pollutants; Microbial degradation of natural and synthetic compounds.

Microorganisms and public health: Water-borne pathogens of public health importance - protozoans, bacteria, enteroviruses; Microbial toxins; Microbial standards for different water uses.

Microbes and aquatic environment: Principles and applications of bioprocesses – bioremediation, biofertilization, biofilms, bio-leaching, biocorrosion, bio-fouling; Microorganisms as bioindicators, bioremediators and biosensors; Microbial biomass production - single cell protein; Bioprospecting.

THEORY

Oceanographic factors in fisheries: Effects of physicochemical and biological oceanographic factors on adaptation, behaviour, abundance and production of aquatic organisms; Space and time scales in oceanographic analysis; Speed and magnitude of short-term changes in the ocean; Synoptic oceanographic analysis – currents, waves, tides, amplitudes, stratification, related chemical factors, upwelling and circulation patterns.

Forcasting systems: Fisheries forecasts – interpretation and use of ocean thermal structure in fisheries; Fisheries forecasting system in India and other countries – remote sensing; Global Positioning System (GPS). Application of Remote Sensing in fisheries; Application of echo-sounders and SONAR.

Coastal fishery: Coastal fishery and hydrography- introduction, scope and factors  affecting; shoreline protection and influence of developmental activities on coastal hydrography.

Factors affecting marine fisheries: Environmental factors influencing the seasonal variations in fish catches in the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal.

THEORY

Coastal resources: Coastal natural resources systems: flora and fauna, trophic relationship, nutrient production, cycle and transport; Mangrove ecosystem - species diversity and distribution of mangroves in India, Other inter-tidal system- Seagrass system, Coral reef system, Sandy beach system, Lagoon and estuary system.

Developmental activities and biodiversity loss: Ecological issues, Nonsustainable development, Pollution, threats to biodiversity, habitat destruction, Depletion of fisheries resources, impacts of global environment changes, Multiple uses of the Coastal Zone, Urban settlement, Industrial development, waste disposal, Shore protection works, ports and marine transportation. Land transportation infrastructure, Water control and supply projects, sea fisheries, Aquaculture, Coastal forest industries, Coastal agriculture, industries.

Coastal Zone Management: Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM): its need and benefits, Principles, Goals and objectives of the ICZM programme; Scope, Extent of jurisdiction, Boundaries of the coastal zone, policies and planning for coastal resource management; Management mechanisms- Pollution control, Protected areas (sanctuaries, marine parks and biosphere reserves), Protection from natural hazards; Socioeconomic impacts and its assessment, Disaster management for coastal environment.

Coastal tourism: Beach resorts, restaurants and parks within the coastal zone as per existing rules and regulations. Impact of pollution on coastal resources.

THEORY

Aquatic pollution and its management: Aquatic pollution – sources, types and their  impacts; Pollution problems of groundwater resources –sources of contamination, management issues.

Pollutants - Sewage, pesticides, oils, metals, radioactive wastes, biomedical wastes, etc. Common transport processes of pollutants in the aquatic environment; dispersal of pollutants; Algal blooms and their management, Methods of pollution surveys.

Waste disposal and water quality criteria used in different parts of world - national and international standards; ISO-14000(EMS), EIA, Management strategies.

Wastewater management: Wastewaters - classification and characteristics of sewage and industrial effluents; treatment methods for water and waste water; Principles of aeration, chlorination, ozonation and U.V. irradiation.

Waste recycling and utilization in aquaculture; Design and construction of water filtration devices; aerobic and anaerobic treatment of wastewater.

Wastes from fish processing units and their treatment; solid waste management; removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from waste water; Role of aquatic macrophytes in treatment of wastewater.

THEORY

Elements of scientific method, Research - purpose, relevance and scope, Generalization and transferability of research data, Objectivity and value neutrality in scientific research, ethical dilemmas in research. 

Types of research - basic, applied, strategic, anticipatory and adaptive research, historical, descriptive and experimental research, Qualitative and quantitative research methods, Experimental and ex-post facto approaches, survey research, action research, participatory research, case study method, content analysis.

Steps involved in research process, Identifying and defining researchable problems, Formulation of research objectives, Hypothesis - meaning, types, development of hypothesis and its testing, Constructs, Nature and type of variables, Types and levels of measurement, Types of reliability and validity and their measurement.

Methods of observation and data collection for biological and social sciences research, Selection of appropriate tools for analysis of biological and social sciences research data,

Formats of research report - writing thesis/dissertation, research articles - abstracts, literature review, materials and methods, results and discussion, summary and references.

THEORY

Sampling distribution for mean and proportion, standard error, confidence interval for mean and proportion, Test of hypothesis: type I and type II errors, level of significance, tests based on Z, t, X2 and F distribution. 

Properties of estimators: unbiasedness, efficiency, sufficiency and consistency.

Simple correlation and regression, Spearman’s rank correlation.

Basic concepts of sampling techniques: simple random, stratified, systematic, cluster and two stage sampling and their applications in fisheries.

Analysis of variance: one way and two way classification, Non-parametric test, advantages and disadvantages over parametric tests, Run test and Sign test.

THEORY

Freezing: Structure of water and ice, Influence of solutes on the structure of water and ice, phase equlibria and freezing curves of pure water and binary solutions, freezing curve for fish. Determination of freezing points from time- temperature plots, calculation of freezing time. 

Crystallization, homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation, super cooling, crystal growth, eutectic point, location of ice crystals in tissue, physical changes during freezing. 

Technological aspects of freezing: Slow and rapid freezing, Methods of freezing, comparison of various freezing methods, selection of a freezing method, product processing, packaging and different types of freezers. 

Chemical treatment prior to freezing: antioxidants, cryoprotectants and other additives, theories of cryopreservation, glazing. 

Frozen storage: Physical and chemical changes - freezer burn and recrystallisation, different types of recrystallisation. 

Chemical changes in lipids, proteins and nucleotides, freeze denaturation and theories on denaturation, changes in pH, bacterial changes, sensory changes, texture, taste, odour, effect of post-mortem condition on sensory qualities. 

Water holding capacity, time temperature tolerance, temperature and duration of storage on quality and shelf life. 

THEORY

Principles of thermal processing. Mechanism of heat transfer: conduction, convection, radiation and dielectric and microwave heating, unsteady state  of transfer, heat resistance of bacteria and spores, decimal reduction time, thermal death time, Z and F values, 12D concept, heat penetration, cold point, can size, shape, contents etc. on heat penetration, determination of  process time. Significance of thermal death curve, graphical, formula,  value, cook value, D value, integrated F value and nomogram methods – F0 their inter-relationship. Heating equipment. 

Classification of foods: low acid, medium acid and acidic foods, absolute sterility, statistical sterility, commercial sterility, pasteurisation and sterilisation. 

Canning process, steps involved, process flow, additives, HTST processing and aseptic canning, principles and process details, canning machinery and equipment, canning process for fish/shellfish, value added and ready to use canned products. 

HACCP and Safety of canned foods and unreliability of post process sampling of canned foods to ensure sterilization. Status of a batch of  canned foods identifying CCPs and their monitoring by specially trained personnel. 

Spoilage of canned food, physical, chemical and microbial, Thermobacteriology, death of bacteria,  autosterilisation  bacteriology of canned/heat processed fishery products, examination of cans and seams. 

Canning plant location Practical considerations, canning plant facilities, layout design. 

Flexible packing, retort pouch processing of fish and fishery products principles and techniques. Combination and synergistic effects. 

THEORY

Quality management, total quality concept and application in fish trade. 

Quality assessment of fish and fishery products - physical, chemical, organoleptic and microbiological quality standards. 

Inspection and quality assurance: Fish inspection in India, process water quality in fishery industry, product quality. 

Water quality and standards. 

Sensory evaluation of fish and fish  products, basic aspects, different methods of evaluation, taste panel selection and constitution, statistical analysis. 

HACCP and Good manufacturing practices. HACCP principles, practical aspects of planning and implementation, verification, validation and audit. 

National and International standards: ISO 9000: 2000 series of quality assurance system, Codex alimentarius, USFDA and EU regulations for fish export trade, IDP and SAT formations in certification of export worthiness of fish processing units, regulations for fishing vessels, pre-processing and  processing plants, EU regulations. ISO 22000:2006. 

THEORY

Seafood proteins: Classification. Sarcoplasmic proteins: Heme proteins, Myoglobin, Hemocyanins, parvalbumins, antifreeze proteins, pigments, enzymes- hydrolases, oxidoreductases, and other enzymes. 

Myofibrillar proteins: Myosin –  isolation, sub-unit composition, actin, allergins, tropomyosin, troponins, paramyosin, connectin. 

Stroma proteins: Connective tissue in the muscle, collagen in fish muscle and skin: location, characteristics of seafood collagen, collagen on the quality of seafoods, gaping

Functional properties of seafood proteins: Solubility, emulsification, viscosity, water holding, stability, gelation, texture profile analysis. 

Changes in proteins during processing: Denaturation- At high and low temperatures and kinetics, dissociation / aggregation / coagulation, reversibility, significance to processing and quality. Hydrolysis and hydrolysates: Process and applications, proteinases. 

Post mortem biochemical changes, rigor mortis, K-value, TMAO and its decomposition products, demethylase. 

Non-protein nitrogenous compounds: Free amino acids, peptides, nucleotides, guanidins, urea, quarternary ammonium compounds etc. 

THEORY

Safety in Microbiology laboratory – Prevention of contamination, aerosol sampling, disinfection and evaluation of disinfectants. 

Microscopy – bright-field, fluorescence, phase-contrast, dark ground and electron microscope. 

Staining techniques – Types of stains and chemistry   of staining. 

Sterilisation – Principles of various physical and chemical methods of  sterilisation.

Nutritional requirements of microorganisms – constituents of growth media, requirement of fastidious organisms alternate nutrition, different types. 

Isolation, enumeration, preservation and maintenance of cultures - growth curve, different types of cultures, population estimation techniques. 

Routine tests for identification of bacteria - morphological, cultural, biochemical and serological.  Anaerobic bacteria - methods of anerobiosis.  Basics of mycological and virological techniques.  Introduction to molecular techniques in Microbiology. 

THEORY

Composition of muscle proteins in fish and their role in emulsification and elasticity formation. 

Factors influencing denaturation of muscle proteins and their theories.  Methods to testing protein denaturation. 

Factors influencing elasticity formation and theories of gel formation.  Minced meat preparation from different varieties of fresh water and marine water fishes. 

Improvement of colour of meat using bleaching and certain additives.  Use of anti-denaturants to prevent denaturation of proteins of fish mince during storage. Changes in meat during  mincing and mixing operations and cooking and setting phenomena.

Technology of processing and preservation of gel forming fish flour (AFPP), its property and utilisation.  Unit operations in analog product preparation- Crab sticks analogs, moulded lobsters and crabs. 

Battered and breaded products: different types and their preparation, nutritional and economic significance of products. 

Use of emulsifiers, binders, seasonings, spices, antioxidants, smoke extract, Preservatives, natural and artificial casings, nitrites and nitrates.  Fortification of fish products with vitamins and minerals.  Quality standards and recent developments.

THEORY

 Introduction to food additives-definition-technical benefits of food additives-intentional and incidental additives. 

Relationship of great revolutions in history to the development of food additives – Agricultural Revolution-Industrial revolutions – urbanization. 

Intentional additives – use of specific nutrients as food additives – Requirements and considerations. Minerals, vitamins, amino acids and nutrient concentrates as additives, Incidental additives. 

Policy considerations in the use of food additives.  Flavours and colour as additives.

Antioxidants – Mechanism of antioxidants, commercial antioxidants and selections.

Analytical methods for antioxidants. 

Acidulants in food processing, Sequestrants in food processing, Polyphosphates in fish processing. 

THEORY

Food packaging, its purposes and procedures, technological aspects of packaging fishery products, packing of fresh and frozen fish for consumers, packaging for transport, shipping and institutional supplies, packaging standards for domestic and international trade. 

Packaging materials, basic films and laminates, their manufacture and identification, resistance of packaging materials, development of protective packaging for fishery products. 

Methods of testing for packaging materials for their physical properties, containers and their testing and evaluation, package designs, resistance of packages to hazards in handling, transport and storage. 

Modified atmosphere packaging, controlled packaging and aseptic packaging. 

Labelling and printing of packaging materials.

THEORY

Elements of scientific method, Research - purpose, relevance and scope, Generalization and transferability of research data, Objectivity and value neutrality in scientific research, ethical dilemmas in research. 

Types of research - basic, applied, strategic, anticipatory and adaptive research, historical, descriptive and experimental research, Qualitative and quantitative research methods, Experimental and ex-post facto approaches, survey research, action research, participatory research, case study method, content analysis.

Steps involved in research process, Identifying and defining researchable problems, Formulation of research objectives, Hypothesis - meaning, types, development of hypothesis and its testing, Constructs, Nature and type of variables, Types and levels of measurement, Types of reliability and validity and their measurement.

Methods of observation and data collection for biological and social sciences research, Selection of appropriate tools for analysis of biological and social sciences research data,

Formats of research report - writing thesis/dissertation, research articles - abstracts, literature review, materials and methods, results and discussion, summary and references.

THEORY

Sampling distribution for mean and proportion, standard error, confidence interval for mean and proportion, Test of hypothesis: type I and type II errors, level of significance, tests based on Z, t, X2 and F distribution. 

Properties of estimators: unbiasedness, efficiency, sufficiency and consistency.

Simple correlation and regression, Spearman’s rank correlation.

Basic concepts of sampling techniques: simple random, stratified, systematic, cluster and two stage sampling and their applications in fisheries.

Analysis of variance: one way and two way classification, Non-parametric test, advantages and disadvantages over parametric tests, Run test and Sign test.

THEORY

Nucleic Acids: Genetic material, Structures of DNA and RNA, Stereochemistry of bases and secondary structures, Organisation of the nucleic acids - chromatin structure.

DNA replication: Models of DNA replication in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, Mechanics of DNA replication, Enzymes, Structure and function of DNA polymerases, Types of priming.

Transcription: Prokaryotes – Bacterial RNA polymerase, initiation, elongation and termination, types of RNA polymerases, Eukaryotes – enzymes and mechanics, post transcriptional modifications, Structure and synthesis of rRNA and tRNA.

Translation: Genetic code, codon bias, types and structures of ribosomes, tRNA structure, Wobble hypothesis, mechanisms of initiation, elongation, termination, and post-translational modifications in prokaryotes and eukaryotes and the factors involved in various steps, concept of polysomes and protein structure.

DNA recombination: Molecular models – homologous and site-specific recombination, crossing over, Holliday junction, transposition.

Mutations: Types, mutagens – nitrous acid, UV, aflatoxin, bleomycin. 

DNA Repair: Types and mechanisms.

THEORY

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell architecture: Cell theory, diversity of cell size and shape.

Organization and function of sub-cellular organelles: Cell membrane, cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, mitochondria, nucleolus, peroxisomes and sub-nuclear structures.

Principles of membrane transport: Active/passive membrane transport (Case study - Osmoregulation in freshwater and marine fishes) ion channels, carrier proteins, cell signaling.

Cell division: Cell cycle and its regulation, Cell growth and differentiation.

Cell motility: Actin-myosin filaments, flagella, cilia.

Protein sorting: Secretion and targeting, vesicular traffic, endocytosis, exocytosis, protein translocation and secretary pathways.

THEORY

Gene structure: Promoters, UTRs, ORFs, exons, introns, termination signal, mono- and polycistronic genes, Gene clustering, Overlapping genes in (Phi X174 virus).

Bacteriophage genome: Organization and life cycle of Lambda and M13.

Regulation of gene expression in Prokaryotes: Operon concept (Lac/Trp), SOS response, bidirectional promoters.

Regulation of gene expression in Eukaryotes: DNA protein interactions (zinc fingers, leucine zippers, helix turn helix, Z-DNA), transcription factors, promoters, enhancers, repressors, insulators, attenuators, IRES, alternative splicing.

RNA in gene regulation: Antisense RNA, microRNA, ribozymes. application of RNAi technique in disease control

Case study: Molecular regulation of growth hormone expression in carp/or Molecular regulation of Na+K+ ATPase in gills and kidney cells of freshwater and marine fishes.

Expression analysis – Techniques to test the up and down regulation of specific genes like Micro array and Real time PCR. ESTs – subtractive hybridisation. 

THEORY

Recombinant DNA technology: DNA modifying enzymes - types of restriction endonucleases (Type I, II and III), DNA/RNA modifying enzymes (alkaline phosphatases, kinases, exonucleases, ligases, terminal transferases), Vectors - plasmids (replication, copy number control and compatibility), phagemids, cosmids, high capacity vectors (eg. BAC), shuttle vectors, Adapters, linkers, ligation, transformation and selection.

Hosts: Prokaryotic (selected E. coli strains) and eukaryotic (selected yeast strains).

DNA amplification: PCR – principle, types and applications, Structure and function of DNA polymerase and reverse transcriptase. T/A cloning of amplified products.

Genomic DNA library: Construction, screening (PFGE) and applications, chromosome walking.

cDNA library: Construction, screening (PFGE) and clone characterization.

DNA and protein sequencing: Principle, types and applications.

Application of rDNA technology : Transgenesis – fish as a model organism, target genes, methods of gene transfer, transgenic screening techniques, Production of diagnostics and vaccines, biofactories, biosensors, waste water treatment, probiotics, GMOs – Biosafety regulations and ethical issues related to biotechnological products, patent laws and IPR issues.

THEORY

Biochemical markers: Allozyme polymorphism and its application in estimating population genetic parameters.

Molecular markers: RAPD, RFLP, AFLP, EST, SNP, Minisatellites and Microsatellites and application in population genetic analysis and gene mapping, FISH – principle and application.

Analysis: Interpretation of gels and data analysis using various softwares. DNA sequence polymorphism and related software for alignment and analysis.

Immunogenetics: Molecular biology of Ig synthesis, genetic basis of antibody diversity, humoral B-cell immunoglobulins, T-cell receptors and MHC.

THEORY

Introduction: Structure and Organization of animal cell, Equipments and media for animal cell culture media supplements – their metabolic functions, serum and protein free defined media and their application.

Cell culture: Basic techniques, development of primary cultures, cell separation, maintenance of cell lines, biology of cultured cells, transformation and differentiation of cell cultures. 

Characterization of cell lines: Measurement of viability and cytotoxicity assays, measuring arameters of growth, karyotyping, isozyme assays, cryopreservation, assessment of contaminants. 

Cell cloning: Micromanipulation, cell transformation, applications of fish cell culture, scaling-up of cell culture. Cell hybridization: Somatic cell fusion, hybridoma technology, Production and Application of monoclonal antibodies. 

Stem cells: Stem cell cultures, embryonic stem cells and their applications, cell culture based vaccines, organ and histotypic cultures, measurement of cell death, apoptosis, three dimensional culture and tissue engineering. 

Introduction to bioinformatics, Data base mining tools, database searching, similarity search, sequence alignment and BLAST, Genbank sequence database, EBI-net, NCBI, Genome net, submission of DNA sequences.

Genomics: genome diagnostics and genome analysis. Phylogenetic analysis, Comparative genome analysis, Microarray bioinformatics. Proteomics: protein information resources, primary and secondary protein data bases, analysis packages, predictive methods, ESTs. 

THEORY

Introduction: Historical background, overview of the present status of marine biotechnology, commercially important and potential species, micro-algae, macro-algae, aquaculture.

Marine Resources: Biodiversity, marine natural products, valuable chemicals, biomedical and bioactive compounds from marine organisms, commercial bio-products from marine organisms, green fluorescent protein from jelly fish and its application, marine organisms as a source of polysaccharides, antiviral, anticancer and anti-inflammatory compounds, and commercially important enzymes - Xylanase, agarase, proteases, chitinases, amylase, lipases, cellulase, phytase.

Environmental Biotechnology: Marine biotechnology for economic development and environmental problem solving, bio-film and bioremediation, bio-sensor and transgenic marine organisms, non-culturable bacteria- occurrence, characteristics, characterization and exploitation, metagenomic library of non-culturable bacteria, marine pollution and its control, genetically engineered microbes for waste water treatment, Red sea tide, biofouling and prevention.

Gene mining : Identification of genes responsible for novel proteins, rDNA technology for the large scale production of novel proteins, pharmaceutical, cosmetic and neutraceuticals and their use in drug designing - for various finfish and shellfish bacterial and fungal toxins.

Fermentation technology: Types – batch, continuous, Down stream processing of commercially important compounds.

THEORY

Fish Breeding: Synthetic hormones for induced breeding- GnRH analogue structure and function.

Transgenesis : Methods of gene transfer in fishes, single gene traits, screening for transgenics, site of integration, applications, regulation of GMOs, IPR, Evaluation of GFP transgenics.

Gene Bank and conservation: Cryopreservation of gametes and embryos.

Feed Technology: Micro encapsulated feeds, micro coated feeds, microparticulate feeds and bio-encapsulated feeds, mycotoxins and their effects on feeds.

Health Management: DNA and RNA vaccines, molecular diagnosis of viral diseases, PCR, Dot-blot, ribotyping of pathogenic microbes, RNAi, Biofilms and its impact on health management, genetically modified microorganisms as probiotics, immunostimulants, bioremediation of soil and water.

Algal Biotechnology: Microalgae - indoor and mass culture methods, biotechnological approaches for production of important microalgae, single cell protein from Spirulina, raceway system of micro algae culture, vitamins, minerals and omega3 fatty acids from micro algae, enrichment of micro algae with micronutrients.

Post harvest biotechnology: Delaying of spoilage, detection of toxic substances and pathogenic microbes, biosensors for toxins.

THEORY

Elements of scientific method, Research - purpose, relevance and scope, Generalization and transferability of research data, Objectivity and value neutrality in scientific research, ethical dilemmas in research.

Types of research - basic, applied, strategic, anticipatory and adaptive research, historical, descriptive and experimental research, Qualitative and quantitative research methods, Experimental and ex-post facto approaches, survey research, action research, participatory research, case study method, content analysis.

Steps involved in research process, Identifying and defining researchable problems, Formulation of research objectives, Hypothesis - meaning, types, development of hypothesis and its testing, Constructs, Nature and type of variables, Types and levels of measurement, Types of reliability and validity and their measurement.

Methods of observation and data collection for biological and social sciences research, Selection of appropriate tools for analysis of biological and social sciences research data,

Formats of research report - writing thesis/dissertation, research articles - abstracts, literature review, materials and methods, results and discussion, summary and references.

THEORY

Sampling distribution for mean and proportion, standard error, confidence interval for mean and proportion, Test of hypothesis: type I and type II errors, level of significance, tests based on Z, t, X2 and F distribution. 

Properties of estimators: unbiasedness, efficiency, sufficiency and consistency

Simple correlation and regression, Spearman’s rank correlation.

Basic concepts of sampling techniques: simple random, stratified, systematic, cluster and two stage sampling and their applications in fisheries.

Analysis of variance: one way and two way classification, Non-parametric test, advantages and disadvantages over parametric tests, Run test and Sign test.

THEORY

Virology: General biology of viral infections, virus classification, virus replication. OIE Notifiable diseases.

Aetiology, pathogenesis, epidemiology, treatment and control, immunology and molecular biology of viruses/viral diseases of finfishes with emphasis on the following: Epizootic haematopoietic Necrosis (EHN), Infectious Haematopoietic Necrosis (IHN), Oncorhynchus Masou Virus ( OMV), Viral Encephalopathy and Retinopathy (VER), Spring Viraemia of Carp (SVC), Viral Haemorrhagic Septicaemia (VHS),Lymphocystis and Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis (IPN).

Major viral pathogens of commercially important cultured crustaceans with special reference to shrimp and freshwater prawn: viral and bacterial,Biology, morphology, diagnostic methods, clinical signs and pathologicalchanges associated with these pathogens, Viruses: WSSV, YHV, TSV,IHHNV, MBV, HPV, BP, BMN, LOVV, GAV, MrNV.

Pathogenesis, virulence mechanisms, epidemiology, treatment and control measures of the bacterial diseases of finfish and shell fish with emphasis on Furunculosis, Haemorrhagic septicemia, Columnaris disease, Tail and fin rot, Bacterial gill disease, Vibriosis, Mycobacteriosis, Nocardiosis, Haemophilosis, Edwardsiellosis, enteric red mouth.

Bacterial diseases of shellfish such as Vibriosis, Necrotizing hepatopancreatitis, rickettsial diseases, mycobacteriosis. 

THEORY

Parasite taxonomy and morphology: Protozoan and metazoan parasites of fish and shellfish

Life cycle of fish and shellfish parasites. 

Parasite pathology: Pathology, treatments and control of the disease caused by protozoan parasites: Costia necatrix, Trypanosoma, Trypanoplasma, Ichthyophthirius, Urceolariid ciliates, Microsporidians, Myxozoans.

Parasite pathology: Pathology treatments and control of the disease caused by Metazoan parasites: Trematodes: Dactylogyrus, Gyrodactylus Diplozoan, Sanguinicola, Neascus cuticola, Cestodes: Diphyllobothrium latum, Caryophyllaeus, Ligula, Nematodes: Capillaria, Camallanus.

Parasite pathology: Pathology treatments and control of disease caused by Acanthocephalan parasites, Crustacean parasites: Lernea, Argulus, Ergasilus, fish leeches.

Shellfish parasites: Pathology, treatment and control of the disease caused by Microsporidians, Haplosporidians, Ciliates and Cephaline gregarines. 

THEORY

Review of various diseases of finfish and shellfish significant to aquaculture, diagnostic procedures and their application in aquaculture.

Disease monitoring, surveillance, epidemiology, quarantine, certification and import risk analysis.

Prophylaxis, hygiene and therapy of fish and shellfish diseases.

Commonly used drugs/chemicals in aquaculture, drug delivery.

Vaccines and vaccination, probiotics and bioremedial measures, immunostimulants and their role.

Application of health management protocols and biosecurity principles in aquaculture.

Longterm strategy in health management, Advances in disease control and management, Principles of SPF/SPR.

THEORY

Introduction: Anatomy and physiology of teleost Integumentary, musculoskeletal, respiratory, circulatory, reticuloendothelial, renal, excretory and digestive systems.

Pathophysiology: Stress and general adaptation syndrome, inflammatory response, necrosis and types, stages.

Integumentary system: Cuticular, epidermal dermal and hypodermal changes, hyperplasia and ulceration.

Respiratory system: Lamellar oedema, lamellar hyperplasia and lamellar fusion.

Blood vascular system: Pathology of heart, vessels, blood composition, cellular components of blood and haemopoietic tissue.

Digestive system: Digestive tract and its pathology, hepatic necrosis, lipid infiltration, hepatic granuloma, cirrhosis, pancreatic atrophy, neoplasia, epithelial sloughing of intestine.

Excretory system: Kidney and its pathology, renal tubules and collecting ducts.

THEORY

Introduction: Anatomy and physiology of teleost Integumentary, musculoskeletal, respiratory, circulatory, reticuloendothelial, renal, excretory and digestive systems.

Pathophysiology: Stress and general adaptation syndrome, inflammatory response, necrosis and types, stages.

Integumentary system: Cuticular, epidermal dermal and hypodermal changes, hyperplasia and ulceration.

Respiratory system: Lamellar oedema, lamellar hyperplasia and lamellar fusion.

Blood vascular system: Pathology of heart, vessels, blood composition, cellular components of blood and haemopoietic tissue.

Digestive system: Digestive tract and its pathology, hepatic necrosis, lipid infiltration, hepatic granuloma, cirrhosis, pancreatic atrophy, neoplasia, epithelial sloughing of intestine.

Excretory system: Kidney and its pathology, renal tubules and collecting ducts.

THEORY

Introduction to fish immunology and terminologies, historical developments, Phylogeny of fish immune system.

Lymphoid tissues and cellular components of immune system.

Non specific humoral and cellular defence mechanisms.

Specific defence mechanisms, Memory function and immunological tolerance.

Complement system, function, components, complement activation.

Antigens and antigenicity, structure of antibody. Types of antibodies, Theories of antibody formation, Antibody mediated immune response: general characteristics, immunoglobulin classes, structure and function and synthesis.

Phagocytic systems, Lymphoid systems, Antigen processing and major histocompatibility 

THEORY

Virus taxonomy, viral structure, viral genetics.

Replication of viruses, host-virus interaction, viral vectors, bacteriophages, propagation of viruses.

Principles of cell culture, development of primary cell culture, maintenance of cell lines.

Scaling up of cell culture, characterization and preservation of cell lines.

Hybridoma and monoclonal antibody production.

THEORY

Common bacterial pathogens of fishes. Handling of diseased fish for bacteriological examination, Withdrawal of blood and materials from internal organs for bacteriological examination. Diagnosis and infection experiments, Cultural and biochemical identification procedures. Mycological techniques.

Culture media for isolation of pathogens, non-selective, enriched, enrichment and selective media. Inoculation and purification techniques. Staining methods.

Serology of microbial disease – agglutination precipitation and ELISA methods in disease diagnosis. Processing tissue samples for virological examination. Techniques for isolation of viruses. Serological tests for identification of viruses.

THEORY

Detailed study of normal and abnormal constituents of blood with reference to pathogenic condition.

Stress induced conditions in fishes and their pathology.

Physiological effects of stressors on fish, tolerance level (pH, ammonia, oxygen, temperature, handing stress, crowding, transportation, chemicals and bacterial toxins).

Cellular response to stress, response to some specific disease.

THEORY

Studies on the causes, pathogenesis, pathology, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of various diseases due to nutritional imbalance and avitaminosis, anorexia, mineral deficiency and toxicity.

Metabolic diseases in finfish and shellfish. Genetic diseases and neoplastic lesions.

Fungal diseases of finfish and shellfish- External and internal fungal infections.

Epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS) in fishes- Etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis diagnosis and management.

Fungal diseases of shellfish, larval mycosis, fusarium disease, Crayfish plague.

THEORY

Environmental variables related to fish health, Water quality and sediment characteristics.

Nature and type of pollutants. Impact of pollutants on environment and fish health

Biological indicators and indices of water quality. Sanitation in aquaculture systems.

Algal blooms and environmental microflora. Microbial toxins.

Probiotics and bioremedial measures. Nitrogen balance in aquatic ecosystem

THEORY

Quarantine – definition, principle and system requirements – Sampling techniques for disease investigation – screening methods for viral, bacterial fungal and parasitic protozoan and metazoan pathogens  

Major diseases of international significance in aquaculture – Disinfection methods for source water, grow out ponds, hatcheries, holding tanks and animals – Commonly used drugs and chemicals in aquaculture ponds and hatcheries 

Methods of drug delivery, pharmacokinetics of commonly used drugs. Depuration – Fish anaesthesia and restraint 

Quarantine methods for ornamental fishes, cultivable fishes and shellfishes, marine invertebrates and seaweeds  

Disposal methods of carcasses and other implements and accessories  

Regulations of quarantine – Health certification and import risk analysis – Record keeping and reporting – International regulatory bodies in fish health management. International trade agreements like GATT, SPS etc.

THEORY

Elements of scientific method, Research - purpose, relevance and scope, Generalization and transferability of research data, Objectivity and value neutrality in scientific research, ethical dilemmas in research. 

Types of research - basic, applied, strategic, anticipatory and adaptive research, historical, descriptive and experimental research, Qualitative and quantitative research methods, Experimental and ex-post facto approaches, survey research, action research, participatory research, case study method, content analysis.

Steps involved in research process, Identifying and defining researchable problems, Formulation of research objectives, Hypothesis - meaning, types, development of hypothesis and its testing, Constructs, Nature and type of variables, Types and levels of measurement, Types of reliability and validity and their measurement.

Methods of observation and data collection for biological and social sciences research, Selection of appropriate tools for analysis of biological and social sciences research data,

Formats of research report - writing thesis/dissertation, research articles - abstracts, literature review, materials and methods, results and discussion, summary and references.

THEORY

Sampling distribution for mean and proportion, standard error, confidence interval for mean and proportion, Test of hypothesis: type I and type II errors, level of significance, tests based on Z, t, X2 and F distribution. 

Properties of estimators: unbiasedness, efficiency, sufficiency and consistency.

Simple correlation and regression, Spearman’s rank correlation.

Basic concepts of sampling techniques: simple random, stratified, systematic, cluster and two stage sampling and their applications in fisheries.

Analysis of variance: one way and two way classification, Non-parametric test, advantages and disadvantages over parametric tests, Run test and Sign test.

THEORY

THEORY

THEORY

Theory

Historical perspectives and need for the introduction of Intellectual Property Right regime, TRIPs and various provisions in TRIPS Agreement, Intellectual Property and Intellectual Property Rights (IPR), benefits of securing IPRs, Indian Legislations for the protection of various types of Intellectual Properties, Fundamentals of patents, copyrights, geographical indications, designs and layout, trade secrets and traditional knowledge, trademarks, protection of plant varieties and farmers’ rights and biodiversity protection, Protectable subject matters, protection in biotechnology, protection of other biological materials, ownership and period of protection, National Biodiversity protection initiatives, Convention on Biological Diversity, International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, Licensing of technologies, Material 290 transfer agreements, Research collaboration Agreement, License Agreement.

THEORY

THEORY

History of agriculture in brief, Global agricultural research system: need, scope, opportunities, Role in promoting food security, reducing poverty and protecting the environment, National Agricultural Research Systems (NARS) and Regional Agricultural Research Institutions, Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR): International Agricultural Research Centres (IARC), partnership with NARS, role as a partner in the global agricultural research system, strengthening capacities at national and regional levels, International fellowships for scientific mobility. 

Research ethics: research integrity, research safety in laboratories, welfare of animals used in research, computer ethics, standards and problems in research ethics.

Concept and connotations of rural development, rural development policies and strategies. Rural development programmes: Community Development Programme, Intensive Agricultural District Programme, Special group – Area Specific Programme, Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP) Panchayati Raj Institutions, Co-operatives, Voluntary Agencies/Non-Governmental Organisations. Critical evaluation of rural development policies and programmes. Constraints in implementation of rural policies and programmes.

THEORY

Natural Disasters- Meaning and nature of natural disasters, their types and effects. Floods, Drought, Cyclone, Earthquakes, Landslides, Avalanches, 292 Volcanic eruptions, Heat and cold Waves, Climatic Change: Global warming, Sea Level rise, Ozone Depletion 

Man Made Disasters- Nuclear disasters, chemical disasters, biological disasters, building fire, coal fire, forest fire. Oil fire, air pollution, water pollution, deforestation, Industrial wastewater pollution, road accidents, rail accidents, air accidents, sea accidents. 

Disaster Management- Efforts to mitigate natural disasters at national and global levels. International Strategy for Disaster reduction. Concept of disaster management, national disaster management framework, financial arrangements, role of NGOs, Community-based organizations, and media. Central, State, District and local Administration, Armed forces in Disaster response, Disaster response: Police and other organizations.

THEORY

THEORY

Theory

Historical perspectives and need for the introduction of Intellectual Property Right regime, TRIPs and various provisions in TRIPS Agreement, Intellectual Property and Intellectual Property Rights (IPR), benefits of securing IPRs, Indian Legislations for the protection of various types of Intellectual Properties, Fundamentals of patents, copyrights, geographical indications, designs and layout, trade secrets and traditional knowledge, trademarks, protection of plant varieties and farmers’ rights and biodiversity protection, Protectable subject matters, protection in biotechnology, protection of other biological materials, ownership and period of protection, National Biodiversity protection initiatives, Convention on Biological Diversity, International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, Licensing of technologies, Material 290 transfer agreements, Research collaboration Agreement, License Agreement.

THEORY

History of agriculture in brief, Global agricultural research system: need, scope, opportunities, Role in promoting food security, reducing poverty and protecting the environment, National Agricultural Research Systems (NARS) and Regional Agricultural Research Institutions, Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR): International Agricultural Research Centres (IARC), partnership with NARS, role as a partner in the global agricultural research system, strengthening capacities at national and regional levels, International fellowships for scientific mobility. 

Research ethics: research integrity, research safety in laboratories, welfare of animals used in research, computer ethics, standards and problems in research ethics.

Concept and connotations of rural development, rural development policies and strategies. Rural development programmes: Community Development Programme, Intensive Agricultural District Programme, Special group – Area Specific Programme, Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP) Panchayati Raj Institutions, Co-operatives, Voluntary Agencies/Non-Governmental Organisations. Critical evaluation of rural development policies and programmes. Constraints in implementation of rural policies and programmes.

THEORY

Natural Disasters- Meaning and nature of natural disasters, their types and effects. Floods, Drought, Cyclone, Earthquakes, Landslides, Avalanches, 292 Volcanic eruptions, Heat and cold Waves, Climatic Change: Global warming, Sea Level rise, Ozone Depletion 

Man Made Disasters- Nuclear disasters, chemical disasters, biological disasters, building fire, coal fire, forest fire. Oil fire, air pollution, water pollution, deforestation, Industrial wastewater pollution, road accidents, rail accidents, air accidents, sea accidents. 

Disaster Management- Efforts to mitigate natural disasters at national and global levels. International Strategy for Disaster reduction. Concept of disaster management, national disaster management framework, financial arrangements, role of NGOs, Community-based organizations, and media. Central, State, District and local Administration, Armed forces in Disaster response, Disaster response: Police and other organizations.

THEORY

THEORY

THEORY

Introduction to library and its services, Role of libraries in education, research and technology transfer, Classification systems and organization of library, Sources of information- Primary Sources, Secondary Sources and Tertiary Sources, Intricacies of abstracting and indexing services (Science Citation Index, Biological Abstracts, Chemical Abstracts, CABI Abstracts, etc.), Tracing information from reference sources, Literature survey, Citation techniques/Preparation of bibliography, Use of CD-ROM Databases, Online Public Access Catalogue and other computerized library services, Use of Internet including search engines and its resources, e-resources access methods.

THEORY

THEORY

Theory

Historical perspectives and need for the introduction of Intellectual Property Right regime, TRIPs and various provisions in TRIPS Agreement, Intellectual Property and Intellectual Property Rights (IPR), benefits of securing IPRs, Indian Legislations for the protection of various types of Intellectual Properties, Fundamentals of patents, copyrights, geographical indications, designs and layout, trade secrets and traditional knowledge, trademarks, protection of plant varieties and farmers’ rights and biodiversity protection, Protectable subject matters, protection in biotechnology, protection of other biological materials, ownership and period of protection, National Biodiversity protection initiatives, Convention on Biological Diversity, International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, Licensing of technologies, Material 290 transfer agreements, Research collaboration Agreement, License Agreement.

THEORY

THEORY

History of agriculture in brief, Global agricultural research system: need, scope, opportunities, Role in promoting food security, reducing poverty and protecting the environment, National Agricultural Research Systems (NARS) and Regional Agricultural Research Institutions, Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR): International Agricultural Research Centres (IARC), partnership with NARS, role as a partner in the global agricultural research system, strengthening capacities at national and regional levels, International fellowships for scientific mobility. 

Research ethics: research integrity, research safety in laboratories, welfare of animals used in research, computer ethics, standards and problems in research ethics.

Concept and connotations of rural development, rural development policies and strategies. Rural development programmes: Community Development Programme, Intensive Agricultural District Programme, Special group – Area Specific Programme, Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP) Panchayati Raj Institutions, Co-operatives, Voluntary Agencies/Non-Governmental Organisations. Critical evaluation of rural development policies and programmes. Constraints in implementation of rural policies and programmes.

THEORY

Natural Disasters- Meaning and nature of natural disasters, their types and effects. Floods, Drought, Cyclone, Earthquakes, Landslides, Avalanches, 292 Volcanic eruptions, Heat and cold Waves, Climatic Change: Global warming, Sea Level rise, Ozone Depletion 

Man Made Disasters- Nuclear disasters, chemical disasters, biological disasters, building fire, coal fire, forest fire. Oil fire, air pollution, water pollution, deforestation, Industrial wastewater pollution, road accidents, rail accidents, air accidents, sea accidents. 

Disaster Management- Efforts to mitigate natural disasters at national and global levels. International Strategy for Disaster reduction. Concept of disaster management, national disaster management framework, financial arrangements, role of NGOs, Community-based organizations, and media. Central, State, District and local Administration, Armed forces in Disaster response, Disaster response: Police and other organizations.

THEORY

THEORY

THEORY

Theory

Historical perspectives and need for the introduction of Intellectual Property Right regime, TRIPs and various provisions in TRIPS Agreement, Intellectual Property and Intellectual Property Rights (IPR), benefits of securing IPRs, Indian Legislations for the protection of various types of Intellectual Properties, Fundamentals of patents, copyrights, geographical indications, designs and layout, trade secrets and traditional knowledge, trademarks, protection of plant varieties and farmers’ rights and biodiversity protection, Protectable subject matters, protection in biotechnology, protection of other biological materials, ownership and period of protection, National Biodiversity protection initiatives, Convention on Biological Diversity, International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, Licensing of technologies, Material 290 transfer agreements, Research collaboration Agreement, License Agreement.

THEORY

THEORY

History of agriculture in brief, Global agricultural research system: need, scope, opportunities, Role in promoting food security, reducing poverty and protecting the environment, National Agricultural Research Systems (NARS) and Regional Agricultural Research Institutions, Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR): International Agricultural Research Centres (IARC), partnership with NARS, role as a partner in the global agricultural research system, strengthening capacities at national and regional levels, International fellowships for scientific mobility. 

Research ethics: research integrity, research safety in laboratories, welfare of animals used in research, computer ethics, standards and problems in research ethics.

Concept and connotations of rural development, rural development policies and strategies. Rural development programmes: Community Development Programme, Intensive Agricultural District Programme, Special group – Area Specific Programme, Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP) Panchayati Raj Institutions, Co-operatives, Voluntary Agencies/Non-Governmental Organisations. Critical evaluation of rural development policies and programmes. Constraints in implementation of rural policies and programmes.

THEORY

Natural Disasters- Meaning and nature of natural disasters, their types and effects. Floods, Drought, Cyclone, Earthquakes, Landslides, Avalanches, 292 Volcanic eruptions, Heat and cold Waves, Climatic Change: Global warming, Sea Level rise, Ozone Depletion 

Man Made Disasters- Nuclear disasters, chemical disasters, biological disasters, building fire, coal fire, forest fire. Oil fire, air pollution, water pollution, deforestation, Industrial wastewater pollution, road accidents, rail accidents, air accidents, sea accidents. 

Disaster Management- Efforts to mitigate natural disasters at national and global levels. International Strategy for Disaster reduction. Concept of disaster management, national disaster management framework, financial arrangements, role of NGOs, Community-based organizations, and media. Central, State, District and local Administration, Armed forces in Disaster response, Disaster response: Police and other organizations.

THEORY

THEORY

THEORY

Historical perspectives and need for the introduction of Intellectual Property Right regime, TRIPs and various provisions in TRIPS Agreement, Intellectual Property and Intellectual Property Rights (IPR), benefits of securing IPRs, Indian Legislations for the protection of various types of Intellectual Properties, Fundamentals of patents, copyrights, geographical indications, designs and layout, trade secrets and traditional knowledge, trademarks, protection of plant varieties and farmers’ rights and biodiversity protection, Protectable subject matters, protection in biotechnology, protection of other biological materials, ownership and period of protection, National Biodiversity protection initiatives, Convention on Biological Diversity, International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, Licensing of technologies, Material 290 transfer agreements, Research collaboration Agreement, License Agreement.

THEORY

THEORY

History of agriculture in brief, Global agricultural research system: need, scope, opportunities, Role in promoting food security, reducing poverty and protecting the environment, National Agricultural Research Systems (NARS) and Regional Agricultural Research Institutions, Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR): International Agricultural Research Centres (IARC), partnership with NARS, role as a partner in the global agricultural research system, strengthening capacities at national and regional levels, International fellowships for scientific mobility. 

Research ethics: research integrity, research safety in laboratories, welfare of animals used in research, computer ethics, standards and problems in research ethics.

Concept and connotations of rural development, rural development policies and strategies. Rural development programmes: Community Development Programme, Intensive Agricultural District Programme, Special group – Area Specific Programme, Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP) Panchayati Raj Institutions, Co-operatives, Voluntary Agencies/Non-Governmental Organisations. Critical evaluation of rural development policies and programmes. Constraints in implementation of rural policies and programmes.

THEORY

Natural Disasters- Meaning and nature of natural disasters, their types and effects. Floods, Drought, Cyclone, Earthquakes, Landslides, Avalanches, 292 Volcanic eruptions, Heat and cold Waves, Climatic Change: Global warming, Sea Level rise, Ozone Depletion 

Man Made Disasters- Nuclear disasters, chemical disasters, biological disasters, building fire, coal fire, forest fire. Oil fire, air pollution, water pollution, deforestation, Industrial wastewater pollution, road accidents, rail accidents, air accidents, sea accidents. 

Disaster Management- Efforts to mitigate natural disasters at national and global levels. International Strategy for Disaster reduction. Concept of disaster management, national disaster management framework, financial arrangements, role of NGOs, Community-based organizations, and media. Central, State, District and local Administration, Armed forces in Disaster response, Disaster response: Police and other organizations.

THEORY

THEORY

THEORY

Historical perspectives and need for the introduction of Intellectual Property Right regime, TRIPs and various provisions in TRIPS Agreement, Intellectual Property and Intellectual Property Rights (IPR), benefits of securing IPRs, Indian Legislations for the protection of various types of Intellectual Properties, Fundamentals of patents, copyrights, geographical indications, designs and layout, trade secrets and traditional knowledge, trademarks, protection of plant varieties and farmers’ rights and biodiversity protection, Protectable subject matters, protection in biotechnology, protection of other biological materials, ownership and period of protection, National Biodiversity protection initiatives, Convention on Biological Diversity, International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, Licensing of technologies, Material 290 transfer agreements, Research collaboration Agreement, License Agreement.

THEORY

THEORY

History of agriculture in brief, Global agricultural research system: need, scope, opportunities, Role in promoting food security, reducing poverty and protecting the environment, National Agricultural Research Systems (NARS) and Regional Agricultural Research Institutions, Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR): International Agricultural Research Centres (IARC), partnership with NARS, role as a partner in the global agricultural research system, strengthening capacities at national and regional levels, International fellowships for scientific mobility. 

Research ethics: research integrity, research safety in laboratories, welfare of animals used in research, computer ethics, standards and problems in research ethics.

Concept and connotations of rural development, rural development policies and strategies. Rural development programmes: Community Development Programme, Intensive Agricultural District Programme, Special group – Area Specific Programme, Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP) Panchayati Raj Institutions, Co-operatives, Voluntary Agencies/Non-Governmental Organisations. Critical evaluation of rural development policies and programmes. Constraints in implementation of rural policies and programmes.

THEORY

Natural Disasters- Meaning and nature of natural disasters, their types and effects. Floods, Drought, Cyclone, Earthquakes, Landslides, Avalanches, 292 Volcanic eruptions, Heat and cold Waves, Climatic Change: Global warming, Sea Level rise, Ozone Depletion 

Man Made Disasters- Nuclear disasters, chemical disasters, biological disasters, building fire, coal fire, forest fire. Oil fire, air pollution, water pollution, deforestation, Industrial wastewater pollution, road accidents, rail accidents, air accidents, sea accidents. 

Disaster Management- Efforts to mitigate natural disasters at national and global levels. International Strategy for Disaster reduction. Concept of disaster management, national disaster management framework, financial arrangements, role of NGOs, Community-based organizations, and media. Central, State, District and local Administration, Armed forces in Disaster response, Disaster response: Police and other organizations.

THEORY

THEORY

THEORY

Historical perspectives and need for the introduction of Intellectual Property Right regime, TRIPs and various provisions in TRIPS Agreement, Intellectual Property and Intellectual Property Rights (IPR), benefits of securing IPRs, Indian Legislations for the protection of various types of Intellectual Properties, Fundamentals of patents, copyrights, geographical indications, designs and layout, trade secrets and traditional knowledge, trademarks, protection of plant varieties and farmers’ rights and biodiversity protection, Protectable subject matters, protection in biotechnology, protection of other biological materials, ownership and period of protection, National Biodiversity protection initiatives, Convention on Biological Diversity, International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, Licensing of technologies, Material 290 transfer agreements, Research collaboration Agreement, License Agreement.

THEORY

THEORY

History of agriculture in brief, Global agricultural research system: need, scope, opportunities, Role in promoting food security, reducing poverty and protecting the environment, National Agricultural Research Systems (NARS) and Regional Agricultural Research Institutions, Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR): International Agricultural Research Centres (IARC), partnership with NARS, role as a partner in the global agricultural research system, strengthening capacities at national and regional levels, International fellowships for scientific mobility. 

Research ethics: research integrity, research safety in laboratories, welfare of animals used in research, computer ethics, standards and problems in research ethics.

Concept and connotations of rural development, rural development policies and strategies. Rural development programmes: Community Development Programme, Intensive Agricultural District Programme, Special group – Area Specific Programme, Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP) Panchayati Raj Institutions, Co-operatives, Voluntary Agencies/Non-Governmental Organisations. Critical evaluation of rural development policies and programmes. Constraints in implementation of rural policies and programmes.

THEORY

Natural Disasters- Meaning and nature of natural disasters, their types and effects. Floods, Drought, Cyclone, Earthquakes, Landslides, Avalanches, 292 Volcanic eruptions, Heat and cold Waves, Climatic Change: Global warming, Sea Level rise, Ozone Depletion